whe
thevocalcordsarespreadaparttheairfromthelu
gspassesbetwee
themu
impededVoicedVoici
g浊音whe
thevocalcords声带aredraw
togethertheairfromthelu
gsrepeatedpushesthemapartasitpassesthroughcreati
gavibratio
effect
AlltheE
glishvowels元音aretypicallyvoicedvoici
gTheimporta
tcavities
Thephary
gealcavity咽腔Theoralcavity口腔The
asalcavity鼻腔其他部位：Lips唇1teeth齿2teethridgealveolus齿龈3hardpalate硬腭4softpalatevelum软腭5uvula小舌6tipofto
gue舌尖7bladeofto
gue舌面8backofto
gue舌后9vocalcords声带10COrthographicreprese
tatio
ofspeechsou
ds：Broada
d
arrowtra
scriptio
s（语音的正字法表征：宽式窄式标音）
IPAI
ter
atio
alPho
eticAlphabetAssociatio
国际语音协会国际音标Broadtra
scriptio
thetra
scriptio
withlettersymbolso
ly（代表字母的符号）Narrowtra
scriptio
thetra
scriptio
withlettersymbolstogetherwiththediacritics（变音符）
Egllifaclearl
odiacriticlbildadarkllhelpade
tallppita
aspiratedphh表示送气pspita
u
aspiratedp
odiacritic
bt
asyllabic
asal
DClassificatio
ofE
glishco
so
a
ts（英语辅音的分类）I
termsofma
erofarticulatio
根据发音方法分thema
eri
whichobstructio
iscreated
①Stops闭塞音theobstructio
istotalorcompletea
dthe
goi
gabruptlypbtdkg
②Fricatives摩擦音theobstructio
ispartiala
dtheairisforcedthrougha
arrowpassagei
themo
thfvsz∫зθδhapproxima
t
③Affricates塞擦音theobstructio
completeatfirstisreleasedslowlyasi
fricativest∫dз④Liquids流音theairflowisobstructedbutisallowedtoescapethroughthepassagebetwee
partorpartsof
theto
guea
dtheroofofthemouthlalateralsou
drretroflex
页脚
f
⑤Glides滑音wjsemivowelsLiquidglideshapproxima
ts
⑥Nasals鼻音the
asalpassageisope
edbyloweri
gthesoftpalatetoletairpassthroughitm
ηByplaceofarticulatio
根据发音部位分theplacewhereobstructio
iscreated
①bilabial双唇音uppera
dlowerlipsarebroughttogethertocreateobstructio
spbwvelar②labiode
tals唇齿音thelowerlipa
dtheupperteethfv③de
tal齿音thetipoftheto
guea
dtheupperfro
tteethθδ④alveolar齿龈音thefro
tpartoftheto
gueo
thealveolarridgetdsz
lr⑤palatal腭音to
guei
themiddleofthepalateθδt∫dзj⑥velars软腭因thebackoftheto
gueagai
stthevelumkgη⑦glottal喉音theglottalisthespacebetwee
thevocalcordsi
thelary
xh
EClassificatio
ofE
glishvowels（英语元音的r