分类）
①Thehighestpositio
oftheto
guefro
tce
tralback②Theope
essofthemouthclosesemiclosesemiope
ope
③Therou
d
essshapeofthemo
ththelips
Allthefro
tce
tralvowelsareu
rou
dedvowelsexceptAllthebackvowelsexceptAarerou
dedvowels④Thele
gthofthesou
dlo
gvowelsshortvowelsLary
xte
seorlaxMo
ophtho
gsdiphtho
gsCardi
alvowels
FThedefi
itio
ofpho
ology（音位学）
Pho
eticsisi
terestedi
allthespeechsou
dsusedi
allhuma
la
guageshowtheyareproducedhow
theydifferfromeachotherwhatpho
eticfeaturestheypossesshowtheyca
beclassifiedetcPho
ologyo
theotherha
disi
terestedi
thesystemofsou
dsofaparticularla
guagesitaimstodiscoverhowspeechsou
dsi
ala
guageformpatter
sa
dhowthesesou
dsareusedtoco
veymea
i
gi
li
guisticcommu
icatio
GPho
epho
emea
dallopho
e（音素、音位、音位变体）
Pho
eapho
eisapho
eticu
itorsegme
t（因素是一个语音单位或者说语音段）Pho
emeapho
emeisapho
ologicalu
ititisau
itofdisti
ctivevalueitisa
abstractu
it（音位是
一个音位学的单位，而且是一个有区别意义的单位，是一个抽象的单位）
页脚
f
Allopho
ethediffere
tpho
eswhichca
represe
tapho
emei
differe
tpho
etice
viro
me
tsare
calledtheallopho
esofthatpho
eme（在不同的语音环境下代表某个音位的音素被称为该音位的音位变体）
HPho
emicco
trastcompleme
tarydistributio
mi
imalpair（音位对立、互补分布、最小对立体）
Pho
emicco
trastwhe
twopho
emesca
occuri
thesamee
viro
me
tsi
twowordsa
dtheydisti
guish
mea
i
gthey’rei
pho
emicco
trastEgpi
bi
pvsbroperobepvsb
（要会判断！）
Compleme
tarydistributio
twoormoretha
twoallopho
esofthesamepho
emesaresaidtobe
i
compleme
tarydistributio
becausetheyca
otappearatthesametimeoroccuri
differe
te
viro
me
t
besidestheydo
otdisti
guishmea
i
g
Mi
imalpairwhe
twodiffere
tformsareide
ticali
everywayexceptforo
esou
dsegme
twhich
occursi
thesameplacei
thestri
gsthetwosou
dsaresaidtoformami
imalpairWhe
agroupofwords
ca
bediffere
tiatedeacho
efromtheothersbycha
gi
go
epho
emealwaysi
thesamepositio
the
allofthesewordsco
stituteami
imalsets
ISomerulesi
pho
ology
①seque
tialrules序列规则Pho
otacticsof3co
so
a
tsoccurri
gi
o
set如果三个辅音都出现在词首，必须遵循以下三条规则：
No1
___s
第一个音位一定是s
___voicelessstopsptk第二个音位一定是ptk
___approxima
tsrlwj第三个音位一定是rlwj
No2
Theaffricatest∫dзa
dthesibila
tsszθδare
ottobefollowedbya
othersibila
ts
②r
