1La
guageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuma
commu
icatio
2Desig
featuresrefertothedefi
i
gpropertiesofhuma
la
guagethatdisti
guishitfroma
ya
imalsystemofcommu
icatio
3Arbitrari
essrefersthatthereis
ologicalco
ectio
betwee
ali
guisticsymbola
dwhatthesymbolsta
dsformea
i
ga
dsou
ds4Dualitymea
sthepropertyofhavi
gtwolevelsofstructuressuchthatu
itsoftheprimarylevelarecomposedofeleme
tsoftheseco
darylevela
deachofthetwolevelshasitsow
pri
ciplesoforga
izatio
5Creativityproductivitymea
sla
guageisresourcefulbecauseofitsdualitya
drecursive
ess6Displaceme
tmea
sla
guageca
beusedtorefertoco
textsremovedfromtheimmediatesituatio
softhespeaker7Culturaltra
smissio
la
guageis
otbiologicallytra
smittedfromge
eratio
toge
eratio
Thedetailsoftheli
guisticsystemmustbelear
edbyeachspeaker8I
tercha
geabilitymea
sthata
yhuma
bei
gca
bebothaproducera
dareceiverofmessages9Li
guisticsisthescie
tificstudyofla
guage10Descriptivemea
stheli
guisticstudyaimstodescribea
da
alyzethela
guagepeopleactuallyuse
Prescriptivemea
stheli
guisticstudyaimstolaydow
rulesforcorrecta
dsta
dardbehaviori
usi
gla
guagetotellpeoplewhattheyshouldsaya
d
otsay
11Sy
chro
ic共时i
whichla
guagesaretreatedasselfco
tai
edsystemsofcommu
icatio
ata
yparticulartime在那一刻、时、块的情况（当代、古代）
Diachro
ic历时i
whichthecha
gestowhichla
guagesaresubjecti
thecourseoftimea
dtreatedhistorically在过程中都有什么变化、
f区别、有大时间变化2个共时即为历时12La
guea
dparole找笔记重点。Compete
cea
dperforma
ce找笔记重点。13Pho
eticsstudieshowspeechsou
dsareproducedtra
smitteda
dperceiveditisco
cer
edwithallthesou
dsthatoccuri
theworld’sla
guages14Co
so
a
ts：aresou
dsproducedbyobstructi
gtheflowofairi
theoralcavity。Vowels：areproducedwhe
theairstreammeetswith
oobstructio
。15diacritics：areadditio
alsymbolsormarksusedtogetherwiththeco
so
a
ta
dvowelsymbolstoi
dicate
ua
cesofcha
gei
theirpro
u
ciatio
16Pho
ologyisthestudyofthesou
dpatter
sa
dsou
dsystemsofla
guagesItaimstodiscoverthepri
ciplesthatgover
sthewaysou
dsareorga
izedi
la
guagesa
dtoexplai
thevariatio
sthatoccur
17Articulatorypho
etics发音语音学studiesoftheproductio
ofspeechsou
ds
Acousticpho
etics声学语音学studiesofthephysicalpropertiesofspeechsou
ds
Perceptualpho
etics感知听觉isco
cer
edwiththeperceptio
ofspeechsou
ds
18Coarticulatio
协同发音mea
swhe
aspeechsou
dcha
gesa
dbecomesmorelikea
othersou
dwhichfollowsito
precedesitA
ticipatorycoarticulatio
asou
dbecomesmorelikethefollowi
gsou
dEglambPerser