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清教主义是16世纪晚期在英国教会内进行的一场宗教改革在教会和皇权的双重压力之下清教的一个分支于17世纪3040年代迁至美洲新大陆的北方殖民地他们为新英格兰奠定了宗教、知识和社会秩序的基础。清教主义不仅符合新英格兰成立的特定历史，而且一直反映了美国生活的一种生活方式。从教义上说，清教徒遵循加尔文派于1619年多特宗教会议上制定的五条信条：1）无条件拣选：神没有任凭人在罪中灭亡，而是在创世以前就拣选了一群r