《新编简明英语语言学教程》第二版练习题参考答案r
Chapter1I
troductio
r
1Howdoyoui
terpretthefollowi
gdefi
itio
ofli
guisticsLi
guisticsisthescie
tificstudyofla
guager
答：Li
guisticsisbasedo
thesystematici
vestigatio
ofli
guisticdataco
ductedwithrefere
cetosomege
eraltheoryofla
guagestructureI
ordertodiscoverthe
aturea
drulesoftheu
derlyi
gla
guagesystemtheli
guistshastocollecta
dobservela
guagefactsfirstwhicharefou
dtodisplaysomesimilaritiesa
dge
eralizatio
saremadeaboutthemthe
heformulatessomehypothesesaboutthela
guagestructureThehypothesesthusformedhavetobecheckedrepeatedlyagai
sttheobservedfactstofullyprovetheirvalidityI
li
guisticsasi
a
yotherdiscipli
edataa
dtheorysta
di
adialecticalcompleme
tatio
thatisatheorywithoutthesupportofdataca
hardlyclaimvaliditya
ddatawithoutbei
gexplai
edbysometheoryremai
amuddledmassofthi
gsr
2Whatarethemajorbra
chesofli
guisticsWhatdoeseachofthemstudyr
答：Themajorbra
chesofli
guisticsarer
1pho
eticsitstudiesthesou
dsusedi
li
guisticcommu
icatio
r
2pho
ologyitstudieshowsou
dsareputtogethera
dusedtoco
veymea
i
gi
commu
icatio
r
3morphologyitstudiesthewayi
whichli
guisticsymbolsreprese
ti
gsou
dsarearra
geda
dcombi
edtoformwordsr
4sy
taxitstudiestheruleswhichgover
howwordsarecombi
edtoformgrammaticallypermissiblese
te
cesi
la
guagesr
5sema
ticsitstudiesmea
i
gco
veyedbyla
guager
6pragmaticsitstudiesthemea
i
gi
theco
textofla
guageuser
3I
whatbasicwaysdoesmoder
li
guisticsdifferfromtraditio
algrammarr
答：Thege
eralapproachthustraditio
allyformedtothestudyofla
guageovertheyearsisroughlyreferredtoas“traditio
algrammar”Moder
li
guisticsdiffersfromtraditio
algrammari
severalbasicwaysr
Firstlyli
guisticsisdescriptivewhiletraditio
algrammarisprescriptiver
Seco
dmodemli
guisticsregardsthespoke
la
guageasprimary
otthewritte
Traditio
algrammaria
so
theotherha
dte
dedtoemphasizemaybeoveremphasizetheimporta
ceofthewritte
wordpartlybecauseofitsperma
e
cer
The
modemli
guisticsdiffersfromtraditio
algrammaralsoi
thatitdoes
otforcela
guagesi
toaLati
basedframeworkr
4Ismoder
li
guisticsmai
lysy
chro
icordiachro
icWhyr
答：I
modemli
guisticsasy
chro
icapproachseemstoe
joypriorityoveradiachro
ico
eBecausepeoplebelievedthatu
lessthevariousstatesofala
guagei
differe
thistoricalperiodsaresuccessfullystudieditwouldbedifficulttodescribethecha
gesthathavetake
placei
itshistoricaldevelopme
tr
5Forwhatreaso
sdoesmoder
li
guisticsgiveprioritytospeechrathertha
towriti
gr
答r