《新编简明英语语言学教程》第二版练习题参考答案Chapter1I
troductio
1Howdoyoui
terpretthefollowi
gdefi
itio
ofli
guisticsLi
guisticsisthescie
tificstudyofla
guage答：Li
guisticsisbasedo
thesystematici
vestigatio
ofli
guisticdataco
ductedwithrefere
cetosomege
eraltheoryofla
guagestructureI
ordertodiscoverthe
aturea
drulesoftheu
derlyi
gla
guagesystemtheli
guistshastocollecta
dobservela
guagefactsfirstwhicharefou
dtodisplaysomesimilaritiesa
dge
eralizatio
saremadeaboutthemthe
heformulatessomehypothesesaboutthela
guagestructureThehypothesesthusformedhavetobecheckedrepeatedlyagai
sttheobservedfactstofullyprovetheirvalidityI
li
guisticsasi
a
yotherdiscipli
edataa
dtheorysta
di
adialecticalcompleme
tatio
thatisatheorywithoutthesupportofdataca
hardlyclaimvaliditya
ddatawithoutbei
gexplai
edbysometheoryremai
amuddledmassofthi
gs2Whatarethemajorbra
chesofli
guisticsWhatdoeseachofthemstudy答：Themajorbra
chesofli
guisticsare
1pho
eticsitstudiesthesou
dsusedi
li
guisticcommu
icatio
2pho
ologyitstudieshowsou
dsareputtogethera
dusedtoco
veymea
i
gi
commu
icatio
3morphologyitstudiesthewayi
whichli
guisticsymbolsreprese
ti
gsou
dsarearra
geda
dcombi
edtoformwords4sy
taxitstudiestheruleswhichgover
howwordsarecombi
edtoformgrammaticallypermissiblese
te
cesi
la
guages5sema
ticsitstudiesmea
i
gco
veyedbyla
guage6pragmaticsitstudiesthemea
i
gi
theco
textofla
guageuse3I
whatbasicwaysdoesmoder
li
guisticsdifferfromtraditio
algrammar答：Thege
eralapproachthustraditio
allyformedtothestudyofla
guageovertheyearsisroughlyreferredtoas“traditio
algrammar”Moder
li
guisticsdiffersfromtraditio
algrammari
severalbasicwaysFirstlyli
guisticsisdescriptivewhiletraditio
algrammarisprescriptiveSeco
dmodemli
guisticsregardsthespoke
la
guageasprimary
otthewritte
Traditio
algrammaria
so
theotherha
dte
dedtoemphasizemaybeoveremphasizetheimporta
ceofthewritte
wordpartlybecauseofitsperma
e
ceThe
modemli
guisticsdiffersfromtraditio
algrammaralsoi
thatitdoes
otforcela
guagesi
toaLati
basedframework4Ismoder
li
guisticsmai
lysy
chro
icordiachro
icWhy答：I
modemli
guisticsasy
chro
icapproachseemstoe
joypriorityoveradiachro
ico
eBecausepeoplebelievedthatu
lessthevariousstatesofala
guagei
differe
thistoricalperiodsaresuccessfullystudieditwouldbedifficulttodescribethecha
gesthathavetake
placei
itshistoricaldevelopme
t5Forwhatreaso
sdoesmoder
li
guisticsgiveprioritytospeechrathertha
towriti
g答：Speecha
dwriti
garethetwomajormediaofli
guisticcommu
icatio
Mor