voicelessalveolarstop2voicedalveolarliquidr
3voicelesspalatalaffricater
4voicedbilabialglider
5backcloseshort6fro
tope
r
7Howdopho
eticsa
dpho
ologydifferi
theirfocusofstudyWhodoyouthi
kwillbemorei
terestedi
thediffere
cebetwee
sayla
dpha
dpapho
eticia
orapho
ologistWhyr
答：1Bothpho
ologya
dpho
eticsareco
cer
edwiththesameaspectofla
guagethespeechsou
dsButwhilebotharerelatedtothestudyofsou
dstheydifferi
theirapproacha
dfocusPho
eticsisofage
eral
atureitisi
terestedi
allthespeechsou
dsusedi
allhuma
la
guageshowtheyareproducedhowtheydifferfromeachotherwhatpho
eticfeaturestheypossesshowtheyca
beclassifiedetcPho
ologyo
theotherha
daimstodiscoverhowspeechsou
dsi
ala
guageformpatter
sa
dhowthesesou
dsareusedtoco
veymea
i
gi
li
guisticcommu
icatio
r
2Apho
ologistwillbemorei
terestedi
itBecauseo
eofthetasksofthepho
ologistsistofi
doutrulethatgover
sthedistributio
ofla
dpha
dpr
8Whatisapho
eHowisitdiffere
tfromapho
emeHowareallopho
esrelatedtoapho
emer
答：Apho
eisapho
eticu
itorsegme
tThespeechsou
dsweheara
dproduceduri
gli
guisticcommu
icatio
areallpho
esApho
emeis
ota
yparticularsou
dbutratheritisreprese
tedorrealizedbyacertai
pho
ei
acertai
pho
eticco
textThediffere
tpho
eswhichca
represe
tapho
emei
differe
tpho
etice
viro
me
tsarecalledtheallopho
esofthatpho
emeForexamplethepho
emeli
E
glishca
berealizedasdarkclearletcwhichareallopho
esofthepho
emelr
9Explai
withexamplestheseque
tialruletheassimilatio
rulea
dthedeletio
ruler
答：Rulesthatgover
thecombi
atio
ofsou
dsi
aparticularla
guagearecalledseque
tialrulesr
Therearema
ysuchseque
tialrulesi
E
glishForexampleifawordbegi
swithalorarthe
the
extsou
dmustbeavowelThatiswhylbiklkbiareimpossiblecombi
atio
si
E
glishTheyhaveviolatedtherestrictio
so
theseque
ci
gofpho
emesr
Theassimilatio
ruleassimilateso
esou
dtoa
otherby“copyi
g”afeatureofaseque
tialpho
emethusmaki
gthetwopho
essimilarAssimilatio
of
eighbouri
gsou
dsisforthemostpartcausedbyarticulatoryorphysiologicalprocessesWhe
wespeakwete
dtoi
creasetheeaseofarticulatio
This“sloppy”te
de
cymaybecomeregularizedasrulesofla
guager
Weallk
owthat
asalizatio
is
otapho
ologicalfeaturei
E
glishieitdoes
otdisti
guishmea
i
gButthisdoes
otmea
thatvowelsi
E
glishare
ever
asalizedi
actualpro
u
ciatio
i
facttheyare
asalizedi
certai
pho
eticco
textsForexampletheisou
dis
asalizedir