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toalarge
umberofu
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i
gwhicharefou
datthehigherlevelofthesystemr
4Displaceme
tr
La
guageca
beusedtorefertothi
gswhichareprese
tor
otprese
trealorimagi
edmattersi
thepastprese
torfutureori
farawayplacesI
otherwordsla
guageca
beusedtorefertoco
textsremovedfromtheimmediatesituatio
softhespeakerThisiswhat“displaceme
t”mea
sr
5Culturaltra
smissio
r
Whilehuma
capacityforla
guagehasage
eticbasisiewewereallbor
withtheabilitytoacquirela
guagethedetailsofa
yla
guagesystemare
otge
eticallytra
smittedbuti
steadhavetobetaughta
dlear
edr
9Whatarethemajorfu
ctio
sofla
guageThi
kofyourow
examplesforillustratio
r
答：Threemai
fu
ctio
sareofte
recog
izedofla
guagethedescriptivefu
ctio
theexpressivefu
ctio
a
dthesocialfu
ctio
r
Thedescriptivefu
ctio
isthefu
ctio
toco
veyfactuali
formatio
whichca
beassertedorde
ieda
di
somecaseseve
verifiedForexample“Chi
aisalargecou
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ghistory”r
Theexpressivefu
ctio
suppliesi
formatio
abouttheuser’sfeeli
gsprefere
cesprejudicesa
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evergowi
dowshoppi
gwithher”r
Thesocialfu
ctio
servestoestablisha
dmai
tai
socialrelatio
sbetwee
peopleForexample“Weareyourfirmsupporters”r
r
Chapter2SpeechSou
dsr
1Whatarethetwomajormediaofli
guisticcommu
icatio
Ofthetwowhicho
eisprimarya
dwhyr
答：Speecha
dwriti
garethetwomajormediaofli
guisticcommu
icatio
r
Ofthetwomediaofla
guagespeechismoreprimarytha
writi
gforreaso
spleaserefertothea
swertothefifthproblemi
thelastchapterr
2Whatisvoici
ga
dhowisitcausedr
答：Voici
gisaqualityofspeechsou
dsa
dafeatureofallvowelsa
dsomeco
so
a
tsi
E
glishItiscausedbythevibratio
ofthevocalcordsr
3Explai
withexampleshowbroadtra
scriptio
a
d
arrowtra
scriptio
differr
答：Thetra
scriptio
withlettersymbolso
lyiscalledbroadtra
scriptio
Thisisthetra
scriptio
ormallyusedi
dictio
ariesa
dteachi
gtextbooksforge
eralpurposesThelatteriethetra
scriptio
withlettersymbolstogetherwiththediacriticsiscalled
arrowtra
scriptio
Thisisthetra
scriptio
eededa
dusedbythepho
eticia
si
theirstudyofspeechsou
dsWiththehelpofthediacriticstheyca
faithfullyreprese
tasmuchofthefi
edetailsasitis
ecessaryfortheirpurposer
I
broadtra
scriptio
thesymbollisusedforthesou
dsli
thefourwordsleafliffeelfilbuildbilda
dhealthhelθAsamatteroffactthesou
dli
allthesefoursou
dcombi
atio
sdiffersslightlyTher