CHCl3
o
80C

ClCl

Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
从背面进攻
Cl
f2解：
Br2Cl
o
CCl40C
BrBr

BrBr
BrCl
从背面进攻
Br
Br
Cl从背面进攻
BrBr
BrCl
习题37完成下列反应式：P90
HI
1
CH3
2
H
CH3
CC
HBr
H3C
Br
ICH3
CH3CH2
BrCCH3Br
3CH2CHCH2C
HBr
CH
BrCH3CHCH2CCH
4
HBr
CH3CH23CCH
BrCH3CH23CCH2
5CH32CCHCH3
HBr过氧化物
BrCH32CHCHCH3
2HBr
6CH3CCH过氧化物
CH3CH2CHBr2
习题38下列反应的产物是通过什么反应机理生成的？写出其反应机理。P90
CH3
HBr
CH2CHCCH3HCH3
解：
CH3
CH3Br
CH3CHCCH3CH3CHCCH3
BrCH3
CH3
fCH3
H
CH2CHCCH3CH3
CH3
CH3CHCCH3
CH3
二级碳正离子
甲基迁移
Br
CH3CH3CHCCH3
CH3
三级碳正离子
Br
CH3CH3CHCCH3
BrCH3
CH3BrCH3CHCCH3
CH3
习题39在酸催化下，下列化合物与溴化氢进行加成反应的主要产物是什么？如果反应在过氧化物作用下进行，其主要产物有何不同？为什么？P90
在酸催化下，烯烃与溴化氢的加成是亲电加成反应，加成取向决定于碳正离子的稳定性；
在过氧化物存在下，烯烃与溴化氢的加成是自由基加成反应，加成取向决定于自由基的
稳定性；
12甲基1丁烯
CH3解：CH2CCH2CH3HBr
CH3CH3CCH2CH3
Br
CH3
CH3
稳定性：CH3CCH2CH3＞CH2CHCH2CH3
CH3
HBr
CH3
CH2CCH2CH3过氧化物BrCH2CHCH2CH3
CH3
CH3
稳定性：CH2CCH2CH3＞CH2CCH2CH3
Br
Br
224二甲基2戊烯
解：CH3CH3
HBr
CH3CCHCHCH3
BrCH3CH32CCH2CHCH3
CH3
CH3
稳定性：CH32CCH2CHCH3＞CH32CHCHCHCH3
CH3CH3
HBr
BrCH3
CH3CCHCHCH3过氧化物CH32CHCHCHCH3
CH3
BrCH3
稳定性：CH32CCHCHCH3＞CH32CCHCHCH3
32丁烯
解：CH3CHCHCH3HBr
Br
BrCH3CH2CHCH3
f稳定性：CH3CH2CHCH3
CH3CH
HBr
CH3CHCHCH3过氧化物
BrCH3CH2CHCH3
Br
Br
CH2CH3
稳定性：CH3CHCHCH3
CH3CHCHCH3
习题310烯烃加H2SO4的反应机理，与烯烃加HX的机理相似。试写出丙烯与硫酸加成的反应机理。P94
解：CH3CHCH2H
OSO2OH
OSO2OH
CH3CHCH3
CH3CHCH3
习题311完成下列反应式：P94
CH32CCH2Br2H2O
1
Br
OH
CH3CCH2OHCH3CCH2Br
CH3
CH3
多
少
2
解释：
CH32C
1
CH2H2O
方式1空间障碍更小
Br
2CH32CCH2
H2OH
OHCH3CCH3
CH3
Cl2H2O
Cl
3
OH
4
CCH
H2OOH
HgSO4H2SO4
OCCH3
OH
1H2SO4
5
2H2O
OH
6
CH280H2SO4H2O
OH
CH3
OH
主要产物
f习题312完成下列反应式：P97
1BH3THF
1CH33CCHCH22H2O2OHH2O
CH33CCH2CH2OH
2
CH3
112BH32
C2H5CCH22H2O2OHH2O
CH3C2H5CHCH2OH
112BH32
3CH3CH22CCC2H52CH3CO2H0oC
CH3CH22
CH2CH3
CC
H
H
4C4H9C
CH1BH3THF
2H2O2OHH2O
OHC4H9CHCH
C4H9CH2CHO
习题313写出乙炔与亲r