AttributiveClause定语从句
一、定义
定语从句:修饰名词或代词的从句。换句话说,名词、代词后的从句叫定语从句。先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词、代词、甚至词组或句子叫先行词。关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
1关系代词:在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定语成分2关系副词:在定语从句中担任状语成分
关系词3个功能:1连接功能(连接先行词与定语从句);2担任功能(在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定、状语);3替代功能(在定语从句中代替先行词)。
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语的是:whothatwhichas宾语的是:whowhomthatwhichas定语的是:whosewhich
先行词是人时,关系代词是:whowhomthatas先行词是物时,关系代词是:whichthatwhoseas
关系副词有:whe
先行词为时间where先行词为地点why先行词为原因关系副词介词whichwhom
定语从句分为两种:限制性与非限制性。先行词与关系词之间无逗号隔开为限制性;有逗号隔开则为非限制性,且一般由which引导。
唯一可以置于先行词之前的定语从句由关系代词as引导。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句1who指人,在从句中做主语1Theboyswhoareplayi
gfootballarefromClassO
e2YesterdayIhelpeda
oldma
wholosthisway2whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。1MrLiuistheperso
whomyoutalkedabouto
thebus2MrLi
gisjusttheboywhomIwa
ttosee注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。3Thema
whowhomyoumetjust
owismyfrie
d3which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略1Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys2Thisisthepe
whichheboughtyesterday
f4that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。5The
umberofthepeoplethatwhocometovisitthecityeachyearriseso
emillio
6Whereisthema
thatwhomIsawthismor
i
g5whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语,有从属关系。1Hehasafrie
dwhosefatherisadoctor2Io
celivedi
ahousewhoseroofhasfalle
i
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替3Theclassroomwhosedoorisbroke
willsoo
berepaired4Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbroke
willsoo
berepaired5Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow6Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow
三、介词关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词关系代词引导1Theschoolthatwhichheo
cestudiedi
isveryfamous2Theschooli
whichheo
cestudiedisveryfamous3r