定语从句一、语法定语从句
(一)、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
结构:先行词关系代词定语从句先行词:定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。关系代词:关系代词代替先行词,关系代词作主语时,谓语动词的使用由先行词决定,
和关系代词无关。
1who指人,在从句中做主语1Theboyswhoareplayi
gfootballarefromClassO
e2YesterdayIhelpeda
oldma
wholosthisway2whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。1MrLiuistheperso
whomyoutalkedabout注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。3Thema
whowhomyoumetjust
owismyfrie
d3which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略1Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboyswhich在句子中做主语2Thisisthepe
whichheboughtyesterdaywhich在句子中做宾语4that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。5Thepeoplethatwhocometovisitthecityareallhere在句子中做主语6Whereisthema
thatwhomIsawthismor
i
g在句子中做宾语5whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语,某人的。1Hehasafrie
dwhosefatherisadoctor2Ilivedi
ahousewhoseroofhasfalle
i
注:只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a在不定代词,如:a
ythi
g
othi
gtheo
eall等作先行词时,只用that,不用whichb。先行词有theo
lythelast修饰时,只用that。c先行词为序数词、形容词最高级时,只用that不能用whichd。先行词既有人,又有物时。举例:Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedi
thelibrary这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗?Fi
allythethiefha
dedeverythi
gthathehadstole
tothepolice那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
(三)、关系副词引导定语从句
关系副词关系副词介词关系代词
1
wherei
ato
which介词同先行词搭配
fwhe
duri
go
i
which介词同先行词搭配1where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。1Sha
ghaiisthecitywhereIwasbor
2ThehousewhereIlivedte
yearsagohasbee
pulleddow
2whe
引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用1Istillrememberthedaywhe
Ifirstcametotheschool2Thetimewhe
wegottogetherfi
allycame
三、练习
练习一(一)用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。1Theboyismyyou
gerbrotherHewashereami
uteago2Theoldma
isaprofessorHeteacheschemistryi
acollege3Beiji
gHotelis
earTia
A
Me
Squar