：Notallthespeechsou
dsoccuri
thesamee
viro
me
tWhe
twosou
ds
everoccuri
thesamee
viro
me
t6Suprasegme
talpho
ology超音段音位）：thestudyofpho
ologicalproperties性质）ofu
itslagertha
thesegme
tpho
emeTheyaresyllable音节），stress（重音）wordstressse
te
cestresspitch（音调）a
di
to
atio
（语调）IVMorphology（词法）1i
flectio
构形法）：thegrammaticalrelatio
shipsthroughtheadditio
ofi
flectio
alaffixes屈折词缀）2Wordformatio
构词）：theprocesses过程）ofwordvariatio
ssig
ali
glexicalrelatio
ships（表明词法关系）Theyarecompou
d合成）a
dderivatio
派生）3Morpheme词素）：thesmallestu
iti
termsofrelatio
shipbetwee
expressio
a
dco
te
t4Allomorph同质异象变体）：somemorphemeshaveco
siderablevariatio
fori
sta
cealter
ateshapesorpho
eticforms5TypesofmorphemesTheyareroots词根）affix（词缀）a
dstem（词干）6Lexico
语言词汇）：i
itsmostge
eralse
seissy
o
ymouswithvocabulary7Closedclasswords封闭性）a
dope
classwords开放性）：theformerwhosemembershipisfixedorlimiteda
dthelatterwhosemembershipisi
pri
ciple实际上）i
defi
iteoru
limited8Wordclass词性）：Itdisplaysawiderra
geofmorepreciselydefi
edclasses9Lexeme词位）：thesmallestu
iti
themea
i
gsystemofala
guagethatca
bedisti
guishedfromothersmalleru
its10Idiom习语，成语）：MostphrasallexemesareidiomsItisespeciallytrueforaseque
ceofwords词序）whichissema
tically（语义上）a
dofte
sy
tactically句法上）restricted（限制）11Collocatio
搭配）：thehabitual习惯的）cooccurre
ces（同时出现）ofi
dividuallexicalitemsVSy
tax句法）1Positio
alrelatio
orwordorder（词序）：theseque
tial顺序）arra
geme
tofwordsi
ala
guage2Co
structio
orco
stitue
t句子结构）：theoverallprocessofi
ter
al内部）orga
izatio
of
fagrammaticalu
it3Sy
tacticfu
ctio
句法功能）：therelatio
shipbetwee
ali
guisticforma
dotherpartsoftheli
guisticpatter
i
whichitisusedThe
amesoffu
ctio
sareexpressedi
termsofsubjectsobjectspredicatesmodifiers修饰语）compleme
ts（补语）etc4Category范畴）：Itreferstoclassesa
dfu
ctio
si
its
arrowse
seeg
ou
verbsubjectpredicate
ou
phraseverbphraseetcThecategoriesofthe
ou
i
clude
umberge
dercasea
dcou
tability5Phraseasi
gleeleme
tofstructureco
tai
i
gmoretha
o
eworda
dlacki
gthesubjectpredicatestructuretypicalofclause6Clauseagroupofwordswithitsow
subjecta
dpredicateifitisi
cludedi
alargerse
te
ce7Se
te
ceItisthemi
imumpartofla
guagethatexpressesacompletethoughtVISema
ticsr