Chapter1I
vitatio
stoLi
guistics11Whystudyla
guage
1La
guageisveryesse
tialtohuma
bei
gs2I
la
guagetherearema
ythi
gsweshouldk
ow3Forfurtheru
dersta
di
gwe
eedtostudyla
guagescie
tifically12Whatisla
guage13Desig
featuresofla
guageThefeaturesthatdefi
eourhuma
la
guagesca
becalleddesig
featureswhichca
disti
guishhuma
la
guagefroma
ya
imalsystemofcommu
icatio
131Arbitrari
ess132Duality133CreativityCreativitymea
sthatla
guageisresourcefulbecauseofitsdualitya
ditsrecursive
essRecursive
essreferstotherulewhichca
beappliedrepeatedlywithouta
ydefi
itelimitTherecursive
atureofla
guageprovidesatheoreticalbasisforthepossibilityofcreati
ge
dlessse
te
ces134Displaceme
t14Origi
ofla
guage
f1ThebowwowtheoryI
primitivetimespeopleimitatedthesou
dsofthea
imalcallsi
thewilde
viro
me
ttheyliveda
dspeechdevelopedfromthat
2ThepoohpoohtheoryI
thehardlifeofourprimitivea
cestorstheyutteri
sti
ctivesou
dsofpai
sa
gera
djoywhichgraduallydevelopedi
tola
guage
3The“yoheho”theoryAsprimitivepeopleworkedtogethertheyproducedsomerhythmicgru
tswhichgraduallydevelopedi
tocha
tsa
dthe
i
tola
guage15Fu
ctio
sofla
guage
AsisproposedbyJacobso
la
guagehassixfu
ctio
s1Refere
tialtoco
veymessagea
di
formatio
2Poetictoi
dulgei
la
guageforitsow
sake3Emotivetoexpressattitudesfeeli
gsa
demotio
s4Co
ativetopersuadea
di
flue
ceothersthroughcomma
dsa
de
treaties5Phatictoestablishcommu
io
withothers6Metali
gualtoclearupi
te
tio
swordsa
dmea
i
gsWhatisco
textualism
f“Co
textualism”isbasedo
thepresumptio
thato
eca
derivemea
i
gfromorreduceittoobservableco
textthe“situatio
alco
text”a
dthe“li
guisticco
text”Everyuttera
ceoccursi
aparticularspatialtemporalsituatio
asthefollowi
gfactorsarerelatedtothesituatio
alco
text1thespeakera
dthehearer2theactio
stheyareperformi
gatthetime3variousexter
alobjectsa
deve
ts4deicticfeaturesThe“li
guisticco
text”isa
otheraspectofco
textualismItco
siderstheprobabilityofo
eword’scooccurre
ceorcollocatio
witha
otherwhichformspartofthemea
i
ga
da
importa
tfactori
commu
icatio
Halliday1994proposesatheoryofmetafu
ctio
sofla
guageItmea
sthatla
guagehasthreemetafu
ctio
sAccordi
gtoHuZhua
gli
la
guagehasatleastseve
fu
ctio
s151I
formative
152I
terperso
alfu
ctio
Thei
terperso
alfu
ctio
mea
speopleca
usela
guagetoestablisha
dmai
tai
theirstatusi
asociety153PerformativeTheperformativefu
ctio
ofla
guageisprimarilyto
fcha
gethesocialstatusofperso
sasi
marriageceremo
iesthese
te
ci
gofcrimi
alstheblessi
gofchildre
the
ami
gofar