第1课
中国的对外贸易Chi
ai
theMarketPlace市场经济中的中国
一、(Excerpts)(摘录)BarryCoulthurstexami
esthedevelopme
tofChi
a’stradepolicya
dtheprese
tstateoftheoverseasli
ks巴里库尔塞斯特对中国贸易政策的演变和当前与海外经济往来状况的研究Thepatter
ofChi
a’sforeig
tradehascha
gedsubsta
tiallysi
cethefou
di
gofthePeople’sRepublicDuri
gthe1950sChi
aexportedagriculturalproductstotheUSSRa
dEastEuropea
cou
triesi
retur
forma
ufacturedgoodsa
dthecapitalequipme
trequiredforthecou
try’si
dustrialisatio
programmewhichplacedemphasiso
thedevelopme
tofheavyi
dustryTheGreatLeapForwardof19581959i
itiallyproducedgai
si
agriculturala
di
dustrialproductio
butsubseque
tlyresultedi
seriouseco
omicimbala
cesEco
omicproblemswereexacerbatedbythreebadharvests19591961withtheresultthat
atio
ali
comea
dthevolumeofforeig
tradeco
tractedduri
g19601962自从中华人民共和国成立以来,中国对外贸易的模式发生了巨大的变化。20世纪50年代,中国向苏联和东欧国家出口农产品换取制造品和资本设备,用于侧重于重工业发展所必须的工业化项目。19581959年的“大跃进”最初在工农业生产上带来收益,但随后又导致了严重的经济平衡。三年自然灾害19591961加剧了经济问题,造成19601962年间的国民收入和对外贸易额的减少。ThewithdrawalofSovieteco
omica
dtech
icalaidi
theearly1960scausedtradetoshiftawayfromtheUSSRa
ditsComeco
part
erstowardsJapa
a
dWester
EuropeAco
siste
tthemeofChi
a’sforeig
tradepolicieshasbee
thestro
gemphasiswhichhasbee
placedo
developi
gtraderelatio
swiththeThirdWorldcou
tries20世纪60年代,苏联经济和技术援助撤走,导致了中国与苏联及经互会成员国的贸易转向于日本和西欧国家的贸易。中国对外贸易政策的一贯宗旨是重视与第三世界国家发展贸易关系。Thegrowthofforeig
tradewasdisruptedagai
duri
gtheCulturalRevolutio
19661976whe
agriculturala
di
dustrialproductio
fellsharplya
dtra
sportatio
co
strai
ts限制becamemoreserious“文化大革命”期间(19661976)工农业生产一落千丈,交通运输限制更加严重,中国对外贸易的增长再次中断。Foreig
tradewhichhasamajorrolei
theFourModer
izatio
sprogrammehasgrow
rapidlyoverthepastfewyearsAmajortradeagreeme
twithJapa
u
derwhichChi
aexportscoala
doili
retur
fori
dustrialequipme
ta
dtech
ologywassig
edi
February1978Chi
aalsosig
edalo
gtermtradeagreeme
twiththeEECi
1978whiletradewiththeUSAhasi
creasedrapidlyi
thewakeof继什么之后the
ormalizatio
ofdiplomaticrelatio
satthebegi
i
gof1979TheSi
oUSAagreeme
to
traderelatr