ChapterTwoTra
slatio
Theorya
dPractice
Part1．U
dersta
di
gofTra
slatio
1Defi
itio
oftra
slatio
Defi
itio
sofpropertra
slati
garealmost
umerousa
dvariedastheperso
swhohaveu
dertake
todiscussthesubjectThisdiversityisi
ase
sequiteu
dersta
dablefortherearevastdiffere
cesi
thematerialstra
slatedi
thepurposesofthepublicatio
a
di
the
eedsoftheprospectiveaudie
ceMoreoverlivela
guagesareco
sta
tlycha
gi
ga
dstylisticprefere
cesu
dergoco
ti
ualmodificatio
Thusatra
slatio
acceptablei
o
eperiodisofte
quiteu
acceptableatalattertime
Euge
eNidaTra
slatio
istheexpressio
i
o
ela
guageortargetla
guageofwhathave
bee
expressedi
a
othersourcela
guagepreservi
gsema
tica
dstylisticequivale
ceDuboisJetalTra
slatio
iscraftco
sisti
gi
theattempttoreplaceawritte
messagea
dorstateme
ti
o
ela
guagebythesamemessagea
dorstateme
ti
a
otherla
guagePeterNewmark翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。（培基）把已说出或写出的话的意思用另一种语言表达出来的活动。（季羡林、许国璋）翻译是将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另外一种语言文字表达出来的文化活动。（王克非）
2Tra
slatio
pri
ciples
AFTytler’sthreelawsoftra
slatio
1Thetra
slatio
shouldgiveacompletetra
scriptoftheideasoftheorigi
alwork2Thestylea
dma
erofwriti
gshouldbeofthesamecharacterwiththatoftheorigi
al3Thetra
slatio
shouldhavealltheease流畅自然oftheorigi
al严复：信达雅
Faithful
essexpressive
esselega
ceThe“threecharacterguide”isregardedasaplumbli
etomeasuretheprofessio
alleveloftra
slati
g傅雷：神似
Spiritualco
formityEmphasizi
gthereproductio
ofthespiritortheflavoroftheorigi
al钱钟书：化境
Sublimedadaptatio
Focuso
thetra
slator’ssmootha
didiomaticChi
eseversio
forthesakeoftheChi
esereader重德：信、达、切
Faithful
essexpressive
essclose
ess
Part2Accomplishme
tsofTra
slators1Roleoftra
slator
ACommu
icator（沟通者）Thetra
slatorastheexpertcommu
icatorisatthecrucialce
terofalo
gchai
ofcommu
icatio
fromorigi
ali
itiatortoultimatereceiverofamessageahuma
li
k
页脚
f
acrossaculturalfro
tier（Schaff
er
译者作为沟通专家，处于信息始发者与信息接受者这个长长交际链的关键中心位置，是穿越文化疆界的人性连接纽带。
BNegotiator（谈判者）Thetra
slatorise
gagedi
egotiati
gwiththesourcetexti
ordertodetermi
eitsmea
i
gmostofwhichisovertalthoughmuchisalwayscovertAtra
slatormustalso
egotiatewiththela
guageofthetargetaudie
cei
ordertoarriveattheclosest
aturalequivar