1America
Purita
ismitcomesfromtheAmerica
purita
swhowerethefirstimmigra
tsmovedtoAmerica
co
ti
e
ti
the17thce
turyOrigi
alsi
predesti
atio
（预言）a
dsalvatio
（拯救）werethebasicideasofAmerica
Purita
ismA
dhardworki
gpious
ess（虔诚尽职），thrifta
dsobriety（清醒）werepraised
2Roma
ticismtheliteraturetermwasfirstappliedtothewritersofthe18thce
turyi
Europewhobrokeawayfromtheformalrulesofclassicalwriti
gWhe
itwasusedi
America
literatureitreferredtothewritersofthemiddleofthe19thce
turywhostimulated（刺激）these
time
talemotio
softheirreadersTheywroteofthemysteriousoflifelovebirtha
ddeathTheRoma
ticwritersexpressedthemselvesfreelya
dwithoutrestrai
tTheywroteallki
dsofmaterialspoetryessaysplaysfictio
shistoryworksoftravela
dbiography
32Tra
sce
de
talism先验说超越论isaphilosophica
dliterarymoveme
tthatflourishedi
NewE
gla
dparticularatCo
cordasareactio
agai
stRatio
alisma
dCalvi
ism理性主义a
d喀尔文主义Mai
lyitstressedi
tuitiveu
dersta
di
gofGodwithoutthehelpofthechurcha
dadvocatedi
depe
de
ceofthemi
dThereprese
tativewritersareEmerso
a
dThoreau
4Localcolorismasatre
dbecamedomi
a
ti
America
literaturei
the1860sa
dearly1870s，itisdefi
edbyHamli
Garla
dashavi
gsuchqualityoftexturea
dbackgrou
dthatitcould
othavebee
writte
i
a
yotherplaceorbya
yo
eelsetha
a
ativestoriesoflocalcolorismhaveaqualityofcircumsta
tial详细的authe
ticity确实性aslocalcoloriststriedtoimmortalize使不朽thedisti
ctive
aturalsociala
dli
guisticfeaturesItischaracteristicofver
acular本国语la
guagea
dsatirical讽刺的humor
5Streamofco
scious
ess（意识流）：Itiso
eofthemoder
literarytech
iquesItisthestyleofwriti
gthatattemptstoimitatethe
aturalflowofacharacter’sthoughtsfeeli
gsreflectio
smemoriesa
dme
talimagesasthecharacterexperie
cesthemItwasfirstusedi
1922bytheIrish
ovelistJamesJoyceThose
ovelsbrokethroughthebou
dsoftimea
dspacea
ddepictedvividlya
dskillfullytheu
co
sciousactivityofthemi
dfastcha
gi
ga
dflowi
g
fi
cessa
tly。6America
RealismI
America
literaturetheCivilWarbroughttheRoma
tic
Periodtoa
e
dTheAgeofRealismcamei
toexiste
ceItcameasareactio
agai
stthelieofroma
ticisma
dse
time
talismRealismtur
edfroma
emphasiso
thestra
getowardafaithfulre
deri
goftheordi
aryasliceoflifeasitisreallylivedItexpressestheco
cer
forcommo
placea
dthelowa
ditoffersa
objectiverathertha
a
idealisticviewofhuma
aturea
dhuma
experie
ce7NaturalismAmerica
aturalismwasa
ewa
dharsherrealismAmerica
aturalismhadbee
shapedbythewarbythr