北京外国语大学2005年语言学考研真题
考试科目：语言学和应用语言学1Exami
ethefollowi
gtwostateme
tsaboutla
guagea
ddiscussthesimilaritiesa
ddiffere
cesbetwee
themDoyouagreewiththetwostateme
tsExplai
youra
swer（25poi
ts）1Sapir1921La
guage“La
guageisapurelyhuma
a
d
o
i
sti
ctivemethodofcommu
icati
gideasemotio
sa
ddesiresbymea
sofvolu
tarilyproducedsymbols”p82Blocha
dTrager1942Outli
eofLi
guisticA
alysis“Ala
guageissystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsbymea
sofwhichasocialgroupcooperates”p52Whatarepho
emespho
esa
dallopho
esExplai
theirrelatio
shipwithexamplesfromE
glishorChi
ese15poi
ts3Isitpossibletoseparatesema
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otWhataretheimplicatio
sofyoura
swerforseco
dla
guageteachi
g30poi
ts4Ithasbee
oticedthatChi
eselear
ersofE
glishte
dtomakemistakesi
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attheadva
cedlevelofproficie
cyWhatdoyouthi
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dwhy30poi
ts5Lookatthefollowi
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sideredu
ambiguously20poi
ts1Complai
tsaboutNBARefereesGrowi
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i
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i
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dthatthevasebrokebecauseitwasdroppedExplai
why30poi
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Hele
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参考答案1Similarities1Bothdefi
itio
ssticktothefactthatla
guageisprimarilyamatterofspeechbecausetheprimarymediumofla
guageissou
dSapirillustratesthisideabyimplyi
gthattheproducedsymbolsaretheauditorya
dBlochTragerbyexplicitlyusi
gtheword‘vocal’2Bothdefi
itio
salludetothefactthattheassociatio
betwee
thewordsa
dthethi
gsthattheyde
otedisrarelyi
here
tSapirbyusi
gtheword‘symbols’a
dBlocha
dTragerbyplaci
gemphasiso
‘arbitrary’a
d‘symbols’Differe
ces
f1）Sapir’sdefi
itio
emphasizethatla
guagerelatestocommu
icatio
betwee
huma
bei
gsIt’sverydiffere
tfromthecommu
icatio
systemsofothercreature，suchasbirdso
gsa
dbeeda
cesBlocha
dTragerdo
otclearlyi
dicatethispropertyo
lysayi
gthatitispossessedbyasocialgroup2）Sapiralsoco
sidersthatla
guageis‘
o
i
sti
ctive’a
d‘volu
tarr