第八章
81
abf
OH3C
醛、酮、醌
c
CHO
用IUPAC及普通命名法如果可能的话命名或写出结构式
CH32CHCHOCH2CHOH3CCHO
d
CH32CHCOCH3
eCH32CHCOCHCH32
g
CH32CCHCHO
h
β－溴化丙醛
3戊酮醛
i
13环已二酮
o
j
111三氯代3戊酮
O
k
三甲基乙醛
l
m苯乙酮
答案：a
CH2CHCHO
p
C
异丁醛２－甲基丙醛２－methylpropa
alisobuta
alb苯乙醛phe
yletha
alc对甲基苯甲醛p－methylbe
zaldehyded3－甲基－２－丁酮３－methyl－２－buta
o
ee24－二甲基－３－戊酮24－dimethyl－3－pe
ta
o
ef间甲氧基苯甲醛m－methoxybe
zaldehydeg３－甲基－２－丁烯醛3－methyl－2－bute
alhBrCH2CH2CHO
O
imp
O
j
CCl3CH2COCH2CH3
k
CH32CCHO
l
CH3CH2COCH2CHO
CHCHCHO


CCH3O
o
丙烯醛prope
al
二苯甲酮
abcdefgh
diphe
ylKeto
e
83写出下列反应的主要产物
CH3COCH2CH3Cl3CCHOH3CCH3CH2CHOC6H5COCH3OCH33CCHOOH2OKM
O4H

H2N－OH
CHO
稀NaOHC6H5MgBrH2NNHC6H5浓NaOHCH32CCH2OH2H

H

H2O
无水HCl
i
O

K2Cr2O7KM
O4室温
Cl2H2O－OHCl2H
j
CHO
O
k
CCH3OCCH3
l

m
CH2CHCH2CH2COCH3
HCl
f
op
CH2CHCOCH3CH2CHCHOC6H5CHO
HBrHCNCH3COCH3稀NaOH
答案：
NaCH3COCH2CH3H2N－OHOHbcCl3CCHOH3CH2OCHOKM
O4Cl3CCHOHH

OH
CH3CCH2CH3
HOOC
COOH
OHdCH3CH2CHO稀NaOHCH3CH2CHCHCHOCH3CH3eC6H5COCH3C6H5MgBrC6H5COMgBrH

CH3C6H5COH
H2O
C6H5fOH2NNHC6H5浓NaOHNNHC6H5
C6H5
gh
CH33CCHOO
CH33CCH2OH无水HCl

CH33CCOOHOO
CH32CCH2OH2H

i
O

K2Cr2O7KM
O4室温
HOOCCH23COOH
j
CHO
COOH
OkCCH3OlCCH3Cl2H

Cl2H2O－OH
COOHOC
CHCl3
CH2ClClClOHCH3
m
op
CH2CHCH2CH2COCH3CH2CHCOCH3CH2CHCHOC6H5CHOHBrHCN
HCl
CH3CHCH2CH2COCH3BrCH2CH2COCH3
OHNCCH2CH2CHO稀NaOHCH2CHCHCN
CH3COCH3
OC6H5CHCH2CCH3OH
84a答案：
用简单化学方法鉴别下列各组化合物丙醛、丙酮、丙醇和异丙醇b戊醛、2戊酮和环戊酮
fa
ABCDABC
丙醛丙酮丙醇异丙醇24－二硝基苯肼
沉淀有沉淀ＡTolle
试剂ＢＣＤI2NaOH无沉淀无沉淀黄色沉淀沉淀Tolle
试剂无沉淀BCI2NaOH无沉淀C
ＡＢＣＤ
无沉淀
b
戊醛2－戊酮环戊酮
ACHI3B
85
a
完成下列转化
C2H5OHOCH3CHCOOHOHOClC
b
C
c
O
OHCH3CH2CH2CH2OHOH
d
HCCHCH3
e
CH2CCH3CH3
fg
CH3CHCHCHOCH3CH2CH2OH
CH3CHCHCHOOHOHCH3CH2CH2CH2OH
答案：
aC2H5OHOCCrO3Py2CH3CHOHCNCH3CHOHCNOCl无水AlCl3cONaBH4HgHH2OeCH3Cl2光fCH3CHCHCHOH3OOHOH无水HClCH3CHCHCHOOHOHgCH3CH2CH2OHHBrCH3CH2CH2BrMgEt2OCH3CH2CH2MgBr1HCHO2HCH3CH2CH2CH2OHCH2ClMgEt2OOCH3CHCHCHOCH2MgCl1CH3COCH32H

Hr