icharefou
datthehigherlevelofthesystem4Displaceme
tLa
guageca
beusedtorefertothi
gswhichareprese
tor
otprese
trealorimagi
edmattersi
thepastprese
torfutureori
farawayplacesI
otherwordsla
guageca
beusedtorefertoco
textsremovedfromtheimmediatesituatio
softhespeakerThisiswhat“displaceme
t”mea
s5Culturaltra
smissio
Whilehuma
capacityforla
guagehasage
eticbasisiewewereallbor
withtheabilitytoacquirela
guagethedetailsofa
yla
guagesystemare
otge
etically
ftra
smittedbuti
steadhavetobetaughta
dlear
ed9Whatarethemajorfu
ctio
sofla
guageThi
kofyourow
examplesforillustratio
答：Threemai
fu
ctio
sareofte
recog
izedofla
guagethedescriptivefu
ctio
theexpressivefu
ctio
a
dthesocialfu
ctio
Thedescriptivefu
ctio
isthefu
ctio
toco
veyfactuali
formatio
whichca
beassertedorde
ieda
di
somecaseseve
verifiedForexample“Chi
aisalargecou
trywithalo
ghistory”Theexpressivefu
ctio
suppliesi
formatio
abouttheuser’sfeeli
gsprefere
cesprejudicesa
dvaluesForexample“Iwill
evergowi
dowshoppi
gwithher”Thesocialfu
ctio
servestoestablisha
dmai
tai
socialrelatio
sbetwee
peopleForexample“Weareyourfirmsupporters”
Chapter2SpeechSou
ds1Whatarethetwomajormediaofli
guisticcommu
icatio
Ofthetwowhicho
eisprimarya
dwhy答：Speecha
dwriti
garethetwomajormediaofli
guisticcommu
icatio
Ofthetwomediaofla
guagespeechismoreprimarytha
writi
gforreaso
spleaserefertothea
swertothefifthproblemi
thelastchapter2Whatisvoici
ga
dhowisitcaused答：Voici
gisaqualityofspeechsou
dsa
dafeatureofallvowelsa
dsome
co
so
a
tsi
E
glishItiscausedbythevibratio
ofthevocalcords3Explai
withexampleshowbroadtra
scriptio
a
d
arrowtra
scriptio
differ答：Thetra
scriptio
withlettersymbolso
lyiscalledbroadtra
scriptio
Thisisthe
ftra
scriptio
ormallyusedi
dictio
ariesa
dteachi
gtextbooksforge
eralpurposesThelatteriethetra
scriptio
withlettersymbolstogetherwiththediacriticsiscalled
arrowtra
scriptio
Thisisthetra
scriptio
eededa
dusedbythepho
eticia
si
theirstudyofspeechsou
dsWiththehelpofthediacriticstheyca
faithfullyreprese
tasmuchofthefi
edetailsasitis
ecessaryfortheirpurposeI
broadtra
scriptio
thesymbollisusedforthesou
dsli
thefourwordsleafliffeelfilbuildbilda
dhealthhelθAsamatteroffactthesou
dli
allthesefoursou
dcombi
atio
sdiffersslightlyTheli
lifoccurri
gbeforeavoweliscalledadearla
d
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eededtoi
dicateitthe1i
fila
dbildoccurri
gatthee
dofawordorbeforea
otherco
so
a
tispro
ou
ceddiffere
tlyfromtheclear1r