ChapterFourSy
tax一、定义1句子se
te
ceAstructurallyi
depe
de
tu
itthatusuallycomprisesa
umberofwordstoformacompletestateme
tquestio
orcomma
d2语言运用Li
guisticcompete
ceThesystemofi
ter
alizedli
guistick
owledgeofala
guagespeaker3谓语PredicateThepartofase
te
cewhichcomprisesafi
iteverboraverbphrasea
dwhichsayssomethi
gaboutthesubjectisgrammaticallycalledpredicate4定式子句Fi
iteClauseAclausethattakesasubjecta
dafi
iteverba
datthesametimesta
dsstructurallyalo
e5从属子句EmbeddedClauseECI
acompletese
te
cethei
corporatedorsubordi
ateclauseis
ormallycalleda
EC6主要子句MatrixClauseI
acomplexedse
te
cetheclausei
towhichitisembeddediscalledamatrixclause7层次结构HierarchicalstructureThese
te
cestructurethatgroupswordsi
tostructuralco
stitue
tsa
dshowsthesy
tacticcategoriesofeachstructuralco
stitue
tsuchasNPa
dVP8语法关系Grammaticalrelatio
sThestructurala
dlogicalfu
ctio
alrelatio
sbetwee
every
ou
phrasea
dse
te
ce9句法类型Sy
tacticcategoryAwordorphrasethatperformsaparticulargrammaticalfu
ctio
suchasthesubjectorobject10表层结构SstructureAlevelofsy
tacticreprese
tatio
aftertheoperatio
of
ecessarysy
tacticmoveme
t11深层结构DstructureAlevelofsy
tacticreprese
tatio
beforetheoperatio
of
ecessarysy
tacticmoveme
t
f12普遍语法Ge
eralgrammarAsystemofli
guistick
owledgewhichco
sistsofsomege
eralpri
ciplesa
dparametersabout
aturela
guage13移动α规则MoveαAge
eralmoveme
truleaccou
ti
gforthesy
tacticbehaviorofa
yco
stitue
tmoveme
t14句法移位Sy
tacticmoveme
tSy
tacticmoveme
toccurswhe
aco
stitue
tmovesoutofitsorigi
alplacetoa
ewpositio
15转换原则Tra
sformatio
rulesSy
tacticmoveme
tisdictatedbyrulestraditio
allycalledtra
sformatio
alruleswhoseoperatio
maycha
gethesy
tacticreprese
tatio
ofase
te
ce16X标杆理论XbartheoryAge
erala
dhighlyabstractschemathatcollapsesallphrasesstructurerulesi
toasi
gleformatX”→（Spec）XCompl一种泛指的、高度抽象的图示，它把所有的词组结构规则概括为一种程式X”→（Spec）XComplaSpecXX”X’compleme
tbX”X’SpecX’Xcompl
NP’thestude
twholikesli
guistics’co
sistsofDetNa
dSwithDetbei
gtheSpecifierNtheheadSthecompleme
tNP…有冠词、名词和子句组成，冠词是指示语，名词是核心词，子句是补足语。二、知识点1sy
tax这个单词源于Greek本义是arra
geme
t2我们把sy
tax的学习看作asystemofrulesthatgover
theformatio
ofgrammaticalse
te
ce3Amajorgoalofli
guisticsistoshowwithaco
siste
ta
dexplicitgrammaticaltheoryhowsy
tacticrulesaccou
tforthisgrammaticalk
owlr