河北科技师范学院
本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译
供应链信息失真：牛鞭效应
院（系、部）名称：专学学指业生生导名姓学教称：名：号：师：
商务管理系物流管理
2014年9月26日河北科技师范学院教务处制
fI
formatio
Distortio
i
aSupplyChai
TheBullwhipEffect
HauLLee，VPadma
abha
，Seu
gji
Wha
g
Abstract
Co
sideraseriesofcompa
iesi
asupplychai
eachofwhomordersfromitsimmediateupstreammemberI
thissetti
gi
bou
dordersfromadow
streammemberserveasavaluablei
formatio
ali
puttoupstreamproductio
a
di
ve
torydecisio
sThispaperclaimsthatthei
formatio
tra
sferredi
theformof”orders”te
dstobedistorteda
dca
misguideupstreammembersi
theiri
ve
torya
dproductio
decisio
sI
particularthevaria
ceofordersmaybelargertha
thatofsalesa
ddistortio
te
dstoi
creaseaso
emovesupstreamaphe
ome
o
termed“bullwhipeffect”Thispapera
alyzesfoursourcesofthebullwhipeffectdema
dsig
alprocessi
gratio
i
ggameorderbatchi
ga
dpricevariatio
sActio
sthatca
betake
tomitigatethedetrime
talimpactofthisdistortio
arealsodiscussedKeywordssupplychai
ma
ageme
ti
formatio
distortio
i
formatio
i
tegratio
productio
a
di
ve
toryma
ageme
t
I
troductio
Rece
ti
teresti
supplychai
ma
ageme
tce
tersarou
dcoordi
atio
amo
gvariousmembersofasupplychai
comprisi
gma
ufacturersdistributorswholesalersa
dretailersTherearema
yexamplesofthebe
efitsofcoordi
atio
activitiestothei
dividualmembersi
thesupplychai
seeforexampleByr
esa
dShapiro1992a
dKurtSalmo
Associates1993O
eimporta
tmecha
ismforcoordi
atio
i
asupplychai
isthei
formatio
flowsamo
gmembersofthesupplychai
Thesei
formatio
flowshaveadirectimpacto
theproductio
scheduli
gi
ve
toryco
trola
ddeliverypla
sofi
dividualmembersi
the
1
fsupplychai
Thispaperstudiesthedema
di
formatio
flowi
asupplychai
a
dreportsthesystematicdistortio
i
dema
di
formatio
asitispassedalo
gthesupplychai
i
theformofordersTheillustratio
i
Figure1basedo
realdatabutma
ipulatedtomai
tai
co
fide
tialityshowsaretailstore’ssalesofaproductalo
gsidetheretailer’sordersissuedtothema
ufacturerThefigureclearlyhighlightsthedistortio
i
dema
di
formatio
Theretailer’sordersdo
otcoi
cidewiththeactualretailsalesI
thispaperthebullwhipeffectorwhiplasheffectreferstothephe
ome
o
whereorderstothesupplierte
dtohavelargervaria
cetha
salestothebuyeriedema
ddistortio
a
dthedistortio
propagatesupstreami
a
amplifiedformievaria
ceamplificatio
Thebullwhipphe
ome
o
hasbee
recog
izedi
ma
ydiversemarketsProcterGamblefou
dthatthediaperordersissuedbythedistributorshaveader
