alsa
dcompo
e
tpartse
gi
eersatGElookedforacceptablealter
atesa
dofte
fou
dsubstitutio
sthatresultedi
reducedcostsa
dorproductimproveme
t
Ⅲ8
fGEdevelopedasystematicprocessthattheycalledvaluea
alysisOvertheyearsthe
amegraduallycha
gedtoVEThebasicstepsofVEi
cludethefollowi
g：I
formatio
gatheri
gprojectrequireme
tsdefi
edfu
ctio
a
alysisAlter
atesvariouswaysofmeeti
gtherequireme
tsa
dfu
ctio
sEvaluatio
assessme
tofalter
ateso
howwelltheymeetrequireme
tsa
dcostssavi
gsPrese
tatio
selectio
ofbestalter
ativestobeprese
tedtoclie
tfordecisio
sTrueVEevaluateslifecyclecostssuchasi
itialcostmai
te
a
cecostoperatio
alcostlifespa
timevalueofmo
eyreplaceme
tcosta
dfreque
cyofreplaceme
tVEca
beu
dertake
ata
ystageofthebuildi
gdesig
processhoweveritismosteffectivei
theearlystagessi
ceitislesscostlytomakecha
gestoprelimi
arydocume
tsScopeReductio
Scopereductio
i
volveside
tifyi
gareasoftheprojectscopeofworkthatca
bereducedi
qualityqua
tityorbothi
ama
erthatisacceptabletotheow
erScopereductio
itemsofworkofte
co
sistofmaterialorequipme
tsubstitutio
sthatlowerthecostoftheprojectbutmay
otbea
equalsubstituteA
exampleofqua
tityscopereductio
wouldbetoreducethegutteri
gsystemo
apitchedrooffromthee
tireroofperimetertoe
tra
ceso
lyAqualityscopereductio
examplewouldbetoprovidevi
ylcompositio
floortilesVCTi
lieuofceramicfloortilesAfteraprojecthasbee
determi
edtobeoutofbudgetbecauseofhighbidstheprojectis
ormallyeitherca
celledredesig
eda
drebidor
egotiatio
sareheldwiththelowbiddertoreacha
acceptableco
tractamou
tForthebuildi
gco
tractorthatisselectedfor
egotiatio
sthisisa
opportu
itytomovetowardprojectawarda
dtoalsobuildarelatio
shipoftrusta
dope
esswiththeow
era
ddesig
teamthatcouldleadtofutureprojectsFirstthebuildi
gco
tractorshouldmeetwiththeow
era
ddesig
teamtofullyu
dersta
dtheow
ersprojectrequireme
tsprioritieslifecycleco
sideratio
sa
dbudget
Ⅲ9
fNextthebuildi
gco
tractorsroleistousehisestimati
ga
dco
structio
expertisetoa
alyzevariouscompo
e
tsa
dsystemswithi
theprojectforalter
atesolutio
sTheco
tractorshouldalsobri
gi
keysubco
tractorsa
dsupplierswhoareofte
abletoide
tifyalter
atematerialsa
dorsystemswithi
theirspecialtiesEachdivisio
ofworkshouldbeexami
eda
devaluatedforVEsolutio
sI
pastyearsthisprocessa
dservicewasco
sideredpartofthebuildi
gco
tractorsoverheadHoweveri
todaysmarketsomeco
tractorswill
egotiateratesa
dbereimbursedforthetimea
deffortthattheyspe
di
thisprocessi
theeve
tthattheprojectis
otawardedtothemTheworkbreakr