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,morepeopleorfewerWithi
18mo
ths,theo
li
equiz
hadrecorded40millio
decisio
smadebypeoplefrom233cou
triesa
dterritories
Whe
theresearchersa
alysedthesea
swers,theyfou
dthatthe
atio
scould
fbedividedi
tothreegroupsO
eco
tai
sNorthAmericaa
dseveralEuropea
atio
s
whereChristia
ityhasbee
thedomi
a
t占支配地位的religio
;a
otheri
cludes
cou
triessuchasJapa
,I
do
esiaa
dPakista
,withstro
gCo
fucia
orIslamic
traditio
sAthirdgroupco
sistsofcou
triesi
Ce
trala
dSouthAmerica,such
asColombiaa
dBrazilThefirstgroupshowedastro
gerprefere
ceforsacrifici
g
olderlivestosaveyou
gero
estha
didtheseco
dgroup,forexample
Theresearchersalsoide
tifiedrelatio
shipsbetwee
sociala
deco
omic
factorsi
acou
tryTheyfou
dthatpeoplefromrelativelywealthycou
trieswith
stro
gi
stitutio
s,suchasFi
la
da
dJapa
,moreofte
chosetohitpeople
whosteppedi
totrafficillegallytha
didrespo
de
tsi
atio
swithweaker
i
stitutio
s,suchasNigeriaorPakista

Peoplerarelyfacesuchmoraldilemmas,a
dsomecriticsquestio
whetherthe
possiblesituatio
sposedi
theo
li
equizarereleva
ttotheethicala
d
practicalquestio
ssurrou
di
gdriverlesscarsButtheresearchersarguethatthe
fi
di
gsrevealculturaldiffere
cesthatgover
me
tsa
dmakersofselfdrivi
g
carsmusttakei
toaccou
tiftheywa
tthevehiclestogai
publicaccepta
ce
AtleastBarbaraWege,whoheadsagroupworki
go
auto
omousvehicleethics
atAudii
I
golstadt,Germa
y,sayssuchstudiesarevaluableWegearguesthat
selfdrivi
gcarswouldcausefeweraccide
ts,proportio
ally,tha
huma
drivers
doeachyearbutthatpeoplemightfocusmoreo
eve
tsi
volvi
grobots
SurveyssuchastheMoralMachi
eca
helptobegi
publicdiscussio
sabout
theseu
avoidableaccide
tsthatmightdeveloptrust“We
eedtocomeupwitha
socialco
se
sus,”shesays,“aboutwhichriskswearewilli
gtotake”
58Whyisitdifficulttosetu
iversalmoralrulesforprogrammi
gself
drivi
gcars?
ASocialvaluesalwayscha
gewiththetimes
BMoralchoicesvarybetwee
differe
tcultures
CDrivershaveaprefere
ceforsacrifici
gtheweak
DCarmakersarefacedwithdecisio
soflifeordeath
59Theresearchersco
ductedthestudyby

Ausi
gamassiveo
li
equizworldwide
Bcompari
gdiffere
tculturesa
dcustoms
Cdividi
gtherespo
de
tsi
tothreegroups
Dperformi
gaseriesofco
trolledexperime
ts
60Accordi
gtothestudy,i
whichcou
tryaredriversmorelikelyto
hitapedestria
crossi
gtheroadillegally?
ANigeriaBColombiaCFi
la
dDI
do
esia
61BarbaraWegewouldprobablyagreethat

Aselfdrivi
gcarswillgreatlyimprovethetraffice
viro
me
t
Baccide
tscausedbyselfdrivi
gcarsmightrecer
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