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自1688年光荣革命以后,英国便建立了君主立宪制的政治制度。英国的君王是国家元首和理论上的最高权力者,但事实上,英国政府的实权掌握在议会手中。议会是英国政治的中心舞台,是英国的最高立法机关。议会为两院制,由上院和下院组成,其中下议院,也叫作平民院,掌握主要和最终立法权。政府从议会产生,并对其负责,首相是政府的最高领导,由议会下议院中占多数派的政党领导担任。英国的宪法不是一个独立的文件,而是三种法律的构成:成文法(StatutoryLaw)、习惯法(Commo
Law)、惯例(Co
ve
tio
s)。同时,英国还是一个两党制的国家,议会下议院多数党成为执政党,除多数党之外的第二大党自动成为反对党,反对党有可能在下议院中通过不信任投票取代执政党地位。英国的政府体系和政党制度影响了许多国家尤其是英联邦成员国的政府体系。
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