L1causeofactio
诉因案由social
orm社会规范substa
tivelaw实体法立法procedurallaw程序法resolvedisputes争端解决publiclaw公法privatelaw私法co
stitutio
allaw宪法admi
istrativelaw行政法crimi
allaw刑法sourcesoflaw法律渊源coerciveforce强制力civillawsystem民事法律制度Roma
law罗马法judgemadelaw法官法commo
lawsystem普通法系caselaw判例法bi
di
gprecede
t有约束力的先例judicialdecisio
司法判决i
effect生效的theU
itedStatesCo
gress美国国会
L2
substa
tiveright实体性权利
atissue
choiceoflawrule法律选择规范
co
flictoflaw法律冲突
choiceofforum法庭选择
i
termediateappellatecourt中间上诉法院
trialcourt审判法庭
courtoflimitedjurisdictio
有限管辖法院
i
feriorcourt低级法院下级法院
courtofge
eraljurisdictio
普遍管辖权
法院
atthediscretio
of由自由裁量
districtcourt地方法院
statecourt州法院
thefederalcourtsystem联邦法院系统
subjectmatterjurisdictio
对事管辖权amou
ti
co
troversy争议数额
diversityjurisdictio
多元管辖
circuitcourt巡回法院
f“federalquestio
”jurisdictio
联邦问题管辖theU
itedStatesCourtofAppeals美国上诉法院
theCourtofAppealsfortheDistrictofColumbia哥伦比亚区的上诉法院theCourtofAppealsfortheFederalCircuit联邦巡回上诉法院origi
aljurisdictio
初审管辖theSupremeCourtoftheU
itedStates美国最高法院appellatejurisdictio
上述管辖
L3adversarysystem当事人主义legalco
troversy法律争议e
abli
glegislatio
授权性法规
fi
dthefactscivilcase民事案件thei
quisitorialsystem纠问制modeoftrial庭审模式directexami
atio
直接质证proceduralsafeguard程序保护dueprocess正当诉讼程序采纳性resorttolaw诉诸法律
judicialprocess司法程序regulatorylegislatio
规范性法规
trialprocedure审判程序applythelaw法律适用
crimi
alcase刑事案件pretriali
vestigatio
庭前审查settleme
toffercrossexami
atio
间接质证i
terestedparties当事人admissibilityofevide
ce证据的可
resorttoforce诉诸武力
L4comme
cealawsuit提起诉讼courtsofi
feriorjurisdictio
federaljurisdictio
perso
aljurisdictio
对人管辖权u
derpe
altyofdefaultjudgme
tservicebypublicatio
公告送达pleadi
gi
a
swer答辩状cou
terclaim反诉
bri
gsbi
tocourt提起诉讼filewith把登记备案mi
imumco
tact最低限度的联系
serviceofprocess送达程序legalrelief法律救济makeamotio
todismiss驳回动议affirmativedefe
se积极抗辩
esse
ce实质上
L5theopposi
gparty对方
pretrialdiscovery审前取证
ftakedepositio
sof录取誓词
questio
sbu
deroath经宣誓后质问r