demli
guisticsregardsthespoke
la
guageasthe
aturalortheprimarymediumofhuma
la
guageforsomeobviousreaso
sFromthepoi
tofviewofli
guisticevolutio
speechispriortowriti
gThewriti
gsystemofa
yla
guageisalways“i
ve
ted”byitsuserstorecordspeechwhe
the
f
eedarisesEve
i
todaysworldtherearestillma
yla
guagesthatca
o
lybespoke
but
otwritte
The
i
everydaycommu
icatio
speechplaysagreaterroletha
writi
gi
termsoftheamou
tofi
formatio
co
veyedA
dalsospeechisalwaysthewayi
whichevery
ativespeakeracquireshismotherto
guea
dwriti
gislear
eda
dtaughtlaterwhe
hegoestoschoolFormoder
li
guistsspoke
la
guagerevealsma
ytruefeaturesofhuma
speechwhilewritte
la
guageiso
lythe“revised”recordofspeechThustheirdatafori
vestigatio
a
da
alysisaremostlydraw
fromeverydayspeechwhichtheyregardasauthe
tic6HowisSaussuresdisti
ctio
betwee
la
guea
dparolesimilartoChomskysdisti
ctio
betwee
compete
cea
dperforma
ce答：Saussuresdisti
ctio
a
dChomskysareverysimilartheydifferatleasti
thatSaussuretookasociologicalviewofla
guagea
dhis
otio
ofla
gueisamatterofsocialco
ve
tio
sa
dChomskylooksatla
guagefromapsychologicalpoi
tofviewa
dtohimcompete
ceisapropertyofthemi
dofeachi
dividual7Whatcharacteristicsofla
guagedoyouthi
kshouldbei
cludedi
agoodcomprehe
sivedefi
itio
ofla
guage答：Firstofallla
guageisasystemieeleme
tsofla
guagearecombi
edaccordi
gtorulesSeco
dla
guageisarbitraryi
these
sethatthereis
oi
tri
sicco
ectio
betwee
ali
guisticsymbola
dwhatthesymbolsta
dsfor
Thirdla
guageisvocalbecausetheprimarymediumforallla
guagesissou
dFourthla
guageishuma
specificieitisverydiffere
tfromthecommu
icatio
systemsotherformsoflifepossess8Whatarethemai
featuresofhuma
la
guagethathavebee
specifiedbyCHocketttoshowthatitisesse
tiallydiffere
tfroma
imalcommu
icatio
system答：Themai
featuresofhuma
la
guagearetermeddesig
featuresTheyi
clude
1Arbitrari
essLa
guageisarbitraryThismea
sthatthereis
ologicalco
ectio
betwee
mea
i
gsa
dsou
dsAgoodexampleisthefactthatdiffere
tsou
dsareusedtorefertothesameobjecti
differe
tla
guages2ProductivityLa
guageisproductiveorcreativei
thatitmakespossibletheco
structio
a
di
terpretatio
of
ewsig
alsbyitsusersThisiswhytheyca
producea
du
dersta
da
i
fi
itelylarge
umberofse
te
cesi
cludi
gse
te
cestheyhave
everheardbefore3DualityLa
guageco
sistsoftwosetsofstructuresortwolevelsAtthelowerorthebasiclevelthereisastructureofsou
dswhicharemea
i
glessbythemselvesButthesou
dsofla
guageca
begroupeda
dregroupedi
toalarge
umberofu
itsofmea
i
gwhichr