一、英语中的句子成分分析
Imet
主语
my
谓语
best
定语
frie
d
宾语
Tomattheststio
yesterday
同位语状语
1、主语：是一句的主体，是全句诉说的对象，常用名词、数词或代词担任（是全句谈论的中心话题）。例：1Stude
tssyudy（名词）2Wearefride
ds（代词）3Togotogoodu
iversityishisfirstgoal（不定式）4Doi
gmor
i
gexerciseisgoodforyourhealth（动名词）5Ja
eisgoodatplayi
gthepia
o6Shewe
touti
ahurry7Fourplusfouriseight8Toseeistobelieve9Smoki
gisbadforhealth10Theyou
gshouldrespecttheold11Whathehassaidistrue2、谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或动词词组担任，放在主语的后面（主语做什么了、怎么了）。例：1Stude
tsstudy（实意动词）2Wearefrie
ds（be动词）3WeloveChi
a4Wehavefi
ishedreadi
gthisbook5Heca
speakE
glish（复合谓语）6Sheseemstired7Isawtheflago
thetopofthehill8Helookedaftertwoorpha
s3、宾语：表示行为的对象，常由名词或代词担任，放在及物动词或代词之后（动作的对象，目标；位于及物动词之后）。宾语分为间接宾语和直接宾语。直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。例：aHegavemesomebooks
间接宾语直接宾语
bPleasepassmethebookcHeboughtmesomeflowers1Theyareteachers2Iplaywithhim3Welovewatchi
gfootballgames
f4Heisdo
gherhomework
ow5Ilikemyjob6Iloveyou7Hewa
tedtoleavehere8Theye
joyedplayi
gfootballgames注：位于介词之后的成分也称之为宾语。4、宾语补足语：是对宾语进行补充说明，宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。例：1Ifou
dthebooki
teresti
g2Doyousmellsomethi
gbur
i
g3Hemadehimselfk
ow
tothem4Sheaskedmetole
dheraha
d5Pleasemakeyourselfathome6Pleasekeepthedogout7Wemustkeepitasecret主动语态变成被动语态后，宾语补足语变成主补。例：1Ilastsawhimplayi
g
eartheriver→Hewaslastsee
playi
g
eartheriver2Theteachercaughtthestude
tcheati
gi
theexam→Thestude
twascaughtcheati
gi
theexam3Wemadehimmo
itor→Hewasmademo
itor4Hepushedthedoorope
→Thedoorwaspushedope
5、定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任（是用来说明名词或代词性质特点的词）。形容词放在名词前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词之后。例：1Thisisaredsu
2Theblackbikeismi
e3Heisatallboy4Sheisachemistryteacher5Thema
i
bllueismybrother6Thegirlplayi
gthepia
oismyyou
gersister7Theladywhoisweari
greddressisour
ewteacr