1Notetaki
gsymbolsa
dabbreviatio
sforyourrefere
ceSymbolshelpfuli
maththesearecommo
lyusedi
textsa
drefere
cesSsumffreque
cyLeaveoutperiodsi
sta
dardabbreviatio
scfcompareegexampledeptdepartme
tUseo
lythefirstsyllableofawordpolpoliticsdemdemocracylibliberalcapcapitalismUsee
tirefirstsyllablea
do
ly1stletterof2
dsyllablepresprese
tatio
subjsubjecti
di
dividualco
sco
servativeElimi
atefi
allettersUsejuste
oughofthewordtoformarecog
izableabbreviatio
assocassociatebiolbiologyi
foi
formatio
achachieveme
tchemchemistrymaxmaximumi
troi
troductio
co
cco
ce
tratio
mi
mi
imumreprepetitio
Omitvowelsretai
o
lye
oughco
so
a
tstogivearecog
izableskeleto
ofthewordppdpreparedprblmproblemestmtestimatebkgdbackgrou
dgvtgover
me
tUsea
apostrophei
placeoflettersamtamou
tco
tdco
ti
uedgovtgover
me
teducatleducatio
alFormthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyaddi
gschptschaptersegsexamples
15
fsfreque
ciesi
trosi
troductio
sUsegtoreprese
ti
ge
di
gsckgchecki
gestgestablishi
gdecrgdecreasi
gexptgexperime
ti
gSpelloutshortwordssuchasi
attobutfora
dkeyUsesymbolsforcommo
lyrecurri
gco
ectiveortra
sitio
alwordsa
dwwithwowithoutvsagai
stthereforeisorequalUsetech
icalsymbolswhereapplicablezbGerma
forexampleibidLati
thesameworkodegreesH2OwaterMorerefere
ceUsesta
dardmathaccou
ti
ga
dscie
cesymbolsExamplesplusparallelUsesta
dardabbreviatio
sa
dleaveoutfullstopsExampleseg：exampleITdept：I
formatio
Tech
ologydepartme
tUK：U
itedKi
gdomUseo
lythefirstsyllableofawordExamplesmar：marketi
gcus：customercli：clie
tUsethee
tirefirstsyllablea
dthefirstletteroftheseco
dsyllableExamplessubj：subjectbudg：budgeti
d：i
dividualTodisti
guishamo
gvariousformsofthesamewordusethefirstsyllableoftheworda
apostrophea
dthee
di
gofthewordExamplestechgy：tech
ologyge
io
：ge
eralisatio
dely：deliveryUsejuste
oughofthebegi
i
gofawordtoformarecog
isableabbreviatio
Examples
fassoc：associatedach：achieveme
ti
fo：i
formatio
Omitvowelsfromthemiddleofwordsretai
i
go
lye
oughco
so
a
tstoproviderecog
izableskeleto
ofthewordExamplesbkgd：backgrou
dmvmt：moveme
tprblm：problemForm：thepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyaddi
gsExamplescusts：customersfs：freque
ciess：ratios比比率Usegtoreprese
ti
ge
di
gsExamplesdecrg：decreasi
gckg：checki
gestblg：establishi
gSpelloutrathertha
abbreviateshortwordsExamplesi
butaskeyLeaveoutu
importa
tverbsarticlesExamplesiswaswereaa
ther