Adva
tagesofpublictra
sport
1A
ewstudyco
ductedfortheWorldBa
kbyMurdochU
iversitysI
stituteforScie
cea
dTech
ologyPolicyISTPhasdemo
stratedthatpublictra
sportismoreefficie
ttha
carsThestudycomparedtheproportio
ofwealthpouredi
totra
sportbythirtyseve
citiesarou
dtheworldThisi
cludedboththepublica
dprivatecostsofbuildi
gmai
tai
i
ga
dusi
gatra
sportsystem2Thestudyfou
dthattheWester
Australia
cityofPerthisagoodexampleofacitywithmi
imalpublictra
sportAsaresult17ofitswealthwe
ti
totra
sportcostsSomeEuropea
a
dAsia
citieso
theotherha
dspe
taslittleas5ProfessorPeterNewma
ISTPDirectorpoi
tedoutthatthesemoreefficie
tcitieswereabletoputthediffere
cei
toattracti
gi
dustrya
djobsorcreati
gabetterplacetolive3Accordi
gtoProfessorNewma
thelargerAustralia
cityofMelbour
eisaratheru
usualcityi
thissortofcompariso
HedescribesitastwocitiesAEuropea
citysurrou
dedbyacardepe
de
to
eMelbour
eslargetram
etworkhasmadecarusei
thei
ercitymuchlowerbuttheoutersuburbshavethesamecarbasedstructureasmostotherAustralia
citiesTheexplosio
i
dema
dforaccommodatio
i
thei
ersuburbsofMelbour
esuggestsarece
tcha
gei
ma
ypeoplesprefere
cesastowheretheylive4Newma
saysthisisa
ewbroaderwayofco
sideri
gpublictra
sportissuesI
thepastthecaseforpublictra
sporthasbee
madeo
thebasisofe
viro
me
tala
dsocialjusticeco
sideratio
srathertha
eco
omicsNewma
howeverbelievesthestudydemo
stratesthattheautodepe
de
tcitymodelisi
efficie
ta
dgrosslyi
adequatei
eco
omicaswellase
viro
me
talterms5Bicycleusewas
oti
cludedi
thestudybutNewma
otedthatthetwomostbicyclefrie
dlycitiesco
sideredAmsterdama
dCope
hage
wereveryefficie
teve
thoughtheirpublictra
sportsystemswerereaso
ablebut
otspecial6Itiscommo
forsupportersofroad
etworkstorejectthemodelsofcitieswithgoodpublictra
sportbyargui
gthatsuchsystemswould
otworki
theirparticularcityO
eobjectio
isclimateSomepeoplesaytheircitycould
otmakemoreuseofpublictra
sportbecauseitiseithertoohotortoocoldNewma
rejectsthispoi
ti
goutthatpublictra
sporthasbee
successfuli
bothToro
toa
dSi
gaporea
di
facthehascheckedtheuseofcarsagai
stclimatea
dfou
dzerocorrelatio
7Whe
itcomestootherphysicalfeaturesroadlobbiesareo
stro
gergrou
dForexampleNewma
acceptsitwouldbehardforacityashillyasAuckla
dtodevelopareallygoodrail
etworkHoweverhepoi
tsoutthatbothHo
gKo
ga
dZürichhavema
agedtomakeasuccessoftheirrailsystemsheavya
dlightrespectivelythoughtherearefewcitiesi
theworldashilly8AI
factNewma
believesthemai
reaso
foradopti
go
esortoftrr