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LINGUISTICSACOURSEBOOK
Defi
ethefollowi
gterms
1desig
featurearefeaturesthatdefi
e
ourhuma
la
guagessuchasarbitrari
ess
dualitycreativitydisplaceme
t
culturaltra
smissio
etc
2fu
ctio
theuseofla
guageto
commu
icatetothi
ketcLa
guage
fu
ctio
si
cluclei
formativefu
ctio

i
terperso
alfu
ctio
performative
fu
ctio

i
terperso
al
fu
ctio

performativefu
ctio
emotivefu
ctio

phaticcommu
io
recreatio
alfu
ctio
a
d
metali
gualfu
ctio

3eticatermi
co
trastwithemicwhich
origi
atesfromAmerica
li
guistPike’s
disti
ctio
ofpho
eticsa
dpho
emics
Bei
geticma
smaki
gfartooma
yaswell
as
behaviously
i
co
seque
tial
differe
tiatio
sjustaswasofterthecase
withpho
eticvxpho
emica
alysisi

li
guisticsproper
4emicatermi
co
trastwitheticwhich
origi
atesfromAmerica
li
guistPike’s
disti
ctio
ofpho
eticsa
dpho
emicsA

emicsetofspeechactsa
deve
tsmustbe
o
ethatisvalidatedasmea
i
gfulvia
fi
alresourcetothe
ativemembersofa
speechcommu
ityrathertha
viaappealto
thei
vestigator’si
ge
uityori
tuitio

alo
e
5sy
chro
icaki
dofdescriptio
which
takesafixedi
sta
tusuallybut
ot

ecessarilytheprese
tasitspoi
tof
observatio
Mostgrammarsareofthiski
d
6diachro
icstudyofala
guageiscarried
throughthecourseofitshistory
7prescriptivethestudyofala
guageis
carriedthroughthecourseofitshistory
8prescriptiveaki
dofli
guisticstudyi

whichthi
gsareprescribedhowoughttobe
ielayi
gdow
rulesforla
guageuse
9descriptiveaki
dofli
guisticstudyi

whichthi
gsarejustdescribed
10arbitrari
esso
edesig
featureofhuma


la
guagewhichreferstothefacethatthe
formsofli
guisticsig
sbear
o
atural
relatio
shiptotheirmea
i
g
11dualityo
edesig
featureofhuma

la
guagewhichreferstothepropertyof
havi
gtwolevelsofarecomposedof
eleme
tsoftheseco
darylevela
deachof
thetwolevelshasitsow
pri
ciplesof
orga
izatio

12displaceme
to
edesig
featureofhuma

la
guagewhichmea
shuma
la
guagee
able
theiruserstosymbolizeobjectseve
tsa
d
co
ceptswhichare
otprese
tci
timea
d
spaceatthemome
tofcommu
icatio

13phaticcommu
io
o
efu
ctio
ofhuma

la
guagewhichreferstothesocial
i
teractio
ofla
guage
14metala
guagecertai
ki
dsofli
guistic
sig
sortermsforthea
alysisa
d
descriptio
ofparticularstudies
15macroli
guisticshei
teracti
gstudy
betwee
la
guagea
dla
guagerelated
discipli
essuchaspsychologysociology
eth
ographyscie
ceoflawa
dartificial
i
tellige
ce
etc
Bra
ches
of
macroli
guisticsi
cludepsycholi
guistics
socioli
guistics
a
thropological
li
guisticsetc
16compete
cela
guageuser’su
derlyi
g
k
owledgeaboutthesystemofrules
17perfor
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