I．Defi
itio
ofAmerica
Realism“Whereroma
ticiststra
sce
dtheimmediatetofi
dtheideala
d
aturalistsplumbtheactualorsuperficialtofi
dthescie
tificlawsthatco
trolitsactio
srealistse
tertheiratte
tio
toaremarkabledegreeo
theimmediatetheherea
d
owthespecificactio
a
dtheverifiableco
seque
ce”WilliamHarmo
a
dHughHolma
AHa
dbooktoLiteraturep428Realismisbasedo
theaccurateu
roma
ticizedobservatio
ofhuma
experie
cesIti
sistso
everydaysce
esarereprese
tedi
astraightforwardormatteroffactma
ero
precisedescriptio
authe
ticactio
a
ddialoguemoralho
estya
dademocraticope
essi
subjectmattera
dstyleAsaliterarymoveme
trealismreferstotheapproachofrealistfictio
occurredatthelatterpartofthe19thce
turyRealisticwritersexami
ethi
gsi
muchdetailquestio
thesce
ethey’retalki
gaboutquestio
whatthey’reseei
ghavecriticalse
searetruthfultolifeRealismtrytoeducatepeopletowar
peopletobemoralteacherstobe
efitthesocietyhecriticizessomuchtodealwithmoralitytobemorecriticalCharacteristicsofWriti
gs1Realismisthetheoryofwriti
gi
whichfamiliaraspectsofco
temporarylifea
deverydayse
sesarereprese
tedi
astraightforwardormatteroffactma
er2I
realistfictio
charactersfromallsociallevelsareexami
edi
depth3Ope
e
di
gisalsoagoodexampleofthetruthfultreatme
tofmaterial4Realismfocuseso
commo
essofthelivesofthecommo
peoplewhoarecustomarilyig
oredbythearts5Realismemphasizesobjectivitya
doffersa
objectiverathertha
a
idealisticviewofhuma
aturea
dhuma
experie
ce6Roma
ticismprese
tsmoralvisio
sIIThereaso
so
theriseofAmerica
Realism※moreeducatedpeople※thedevelopme
tofi
dustry※growthofpopulatio
i
cityurba
※immigratio
peoplemovefromthe
orthtothesouthfromtheeasttothewest※theGildedAgemorea
dmorepeoplebecomerichpleasureseeki
gselfco
tai
edPoliticalreaso
：theresultoftheAmerica
CivilWar18611865ThevictoryoftheNorthtoprotectthei
tegrityoftheU
itedStatesasa
i
divisible
atio
Co
gresstriedtopressforwardwithitsprogramof“Reco
structio
”orreformofthesouther
statesSlaverywasabolishedhoweverthesouther
statespassedlawstosegregatewhitesa
dblacksi
publicplacesTothee
dofthe19thce
turythesystemofsegregatio
grewmorerigidmostsouther
blackswerestilllivi
gamiserablelifeEco
omicDevelopme
t：Norther
i
dustrialismhadtriumphedoverSouther
agraria
ism农业的a
dfromthatvictorycameasocietybasedo
masslabora
dmassco
sumptio
I
thefirstdecadesaftertheCivilWarAmerica
sceasedtobeisolatedfromtheworld
fa
dfromeachotherTelegraphli
esspa
edthe
atio
a
r