英语语法总结：非谓语动词之不定式
1．定义：具有名词、形容词及副词性质并具有时态、语态变化。
2．形式：（以do为例）
主动语态
一般时
todo
进行时
tobedoi
g
完成时
tohavedo
e
do
e
完成进行时tohavebee
doi
g
被动语态tobedo
e
tohavebee

3．用法：
（1）用作主语：TospeakgoodE
glishis
oteasyorItis
oteasytospeakgoodE
glish（采用形式主语it以避免头重脚轻）Ittookmea
hourtodothework
f（2）用作宾语：Shedecidedtotaketheexami
atio
Ihopetomeethimsoo
（3）宾语补足语：TheyexpectedustohelpthemHewa
tshisso
tostudyhard金牌重点：不定式作宾补，如谓语动词是感官动词，使役性动词（seehear
oticewatchmakehavelet），则不定式符号“to”须省略，但在被动语态中不能省。Iheardthemsi
gi
theclassroomImadeherclea
theroomThegirlisheardtosi
ga
E
glishso
g
（4）用作表语：Toteachistolear
Hisjobistosellcars
（5）用作状语，表示目的，结果：WecometoschooltostudyE
glish（目的）
fi
ordertoIhurriedtothestoreo
lytofi
ditclosed（结果）
（6）定语：不定式短语作定语须位于名词之后。Heaskedforapieceofpapertowriteito
towriteito
thepieceofpaperThepoorma
has
ohousetolivei
tolivei
thehouseHaveyoua
ythi
gtodo
todoa
ythi
g
4．不定式的时态意义：Sheseemstoda
ceverywell（现在情况）Sheseemstobeda
ci
gi
theda
ci
ghall（正在进行）Sheseemstohaveda
cedwell（过去情况）Haswashappytohavebee
stayi
gwithhisu
cle（动作持续一段时间）
5．不定式语态：Thedoctorwrecomme
drecomme
dedwhimtoairtheroom
fThedoctorrecomme
dedtheroomtobeairedSheexpectsthepolicetofi
dherbicycleSheexpectsherbicycletobefou
dbythepoliceShefeltabitpuzzledashehadaskedhersuchaquestio
Shefeltabitpuzzledtohavebee
askedsuchaquestio
6．不定式否定形式：
ottodoHegotupearlyi
order
ottomissthetrai

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