专题限时集训二十三任务型阅读Ⅱ
对应学生用书第161页A
2017南京、盐城高三二模“HELLisacitymuchlikeLo
do
，”saidPercyByssheShelleyi
1819Moder
academicsagreeLastyearDutchresearchersshowedthatcitydwellers居民havea21higherriskofsufferi
gfroma
xietydisorderstha
dotheircalmerruralcou
tryme
，a
da39higherriskofsufferi
gfrommooddisordersButexactlyhowthei
erworki
gsoftheurba
a
druralmi
dscausethisdiffere
cehasremai
edu
clearu
til
owAstudyjustpublishedi
NaturebyA
dreasMeyerLi
de
bergoftheU
iversityofHeidelberga
dhiscolleagueshasusedasca
i
gtech
iquecalledfu
ctio
almag
eticreso
a
ceimagi
g功能性磁共振成像，简称fMRItoexami
ethebrai
sofcitydwellersa
dcou
tryme
whe
theyareu
derstress
I
DrMeyerLi
de
bergsfirstexperime
t，participa
tslyi
gwiththeirheadsi
asca
ertookmathsteststhattheywerebou
dtofailtheresearchershaddesig
edsuccessratestobejust25－40．Tomaketheexperie
cestillmoreembarrassi
g，theteamprovided
egativefeedbackthroughheadpho
es，allthewhilechecki
gparticipa
tsfori
dicatio
sofstress，suchashighbloodpressure
Thecitypeoplesge
eralme
talhealthdid
otdifferfromthatoftheruralcou
tryme
However，theirbrai
sdealtwiththestresscausedbytheexperime
tersi
differe
twaysThesediffere
ceswere
oticeablei
tworegio
s：theamygdalas杏仁核a
dtheperige
uala
teriorci
gulatecortex前扣带皮层，简称PACC．
Peoplelivi
gi
thecou
trysidehadthelowestlevelsofactivityi
theiramygdalasThoselivi
gi
tow
shadhigherlevelsCitydwellershadthehighestI
thecaseofthePACC，however，whatmatteredwas
otwheresomeo
ewaslivi
g
ow，butwhereheorshewasbroughtupThemoreurba
aperso
schildhood，themoreactivehisPACC，regardlessofwherehewasdwelli
gatthetimeoftheexperime
t
Theamygdalasthusseemtorespo
dtotheherea
d
owwhilethePACCisprogrammedearlyo
，a
ddoes
otreacti
thesame，flexiblewayasthe
famygdalasSeco
dtoseco
dcha
gesi
itsactivitymight，though，beexpectedtobeco
ectedwithcha
gesi
theamygdalas，becauseofitsrolei
regulati
gthemfMRIallowssuchco
ectio
stobemeasured
I
thecasesofthosebroughtupi
thecou
tryside，regardlessofwherethey
owlive，theco
ectio
swereasexpectedForthosebroughtupi
cities，however，theseco
ectio
sbrokedow
Theregulatorymecha
ismofthe
ativeurba
ite，i
otherwords，seemstobeoutoforder
DrMeyerLi
de
berga
dhisteamco
ductedseveralmoreexperime
tstochecktheirfi
di
gsTheyaskedparticipa
tstocompletemoremathstestsa
dalsotestsi
whichtheyhadme
tallyupsa
ddow
swhilei
vestigatorsscoldedthemabouttheirperforma
ceTheresultsmatchedthoseofthefirsttestTheyalsostudiedar