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四.关系词的选择1.在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词作主语,只能用who指人,which指物;关系代词做宾语,常用whom(口语中有时用who)指人,which指物,它们都不能用that代替。2.关系代词作介词宾语,不论是在限制性定语从句中,还是在非限制性定语从句中,当介词前置时,只能用whom指人,which指物;但如果介词后置,则不受这种限制,关系代词还可以省去,特别是在口语中。如:
Doyouk
owtheboytowhomshewastalki
gDoyouk
owtheboythatshewastalki
gtoThepe
cilwhichthathewaswriti
gwithsudde
lybroke3.在限制性定语从句中,当先行词指物时,关系词可用which或that,二者常可以互换;但在下列情况中,只能用that,不用which:1当先行词是allalotalittlefewmuch
o
ea
ythi
gsomethi
geverythi
g
othi
g等词时。如:
Allthatca
bedo
ehasbee
do
eI
thisfactoryIsawlittlemuchthatwasdiffere
tfromours2当先行词被alla
y
omuchlittlefewevery等限定词所修饰时。如:Weheardclearlyeverywordthathesaid3当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。如:Thefirstthi
gthatshouldbedo
eistogettheticketsWhe
peopletalkaboutHa
gzhouthefirstthatcomestomi
distheWestLake4当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰,以及先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同时修饰时,如:
Isthatthebestthatyouca
doThat’sthemostexpe
sivehotelthatwe’veeverstayedi
This
ovelistheseco
dbesto
ethatIhaveeverread5当先行词被theverytheo
lythe
extthelast等所修饰时。如:ThisistheverybookthatIwa
ttofi
d6当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。如:Theguestsspokehighlyofthechildre
a
dtheirperforma
cesthattheysawattheChildre
’sPalaceShedescribedi
hercompositio
sthepeoplea
dplacesthatimpressedhermost7当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。如:Whichisthecarthatkilledtheboy4在限制性定语从句中,当先行词指人时,关系词可用whom或that,二者常可互换。但在下列情况中,用whom,而不用that:1当先行词是o
eo
esa
yfewa
yo
ea
ybodysomeo
esomebodyeveryo
eeverybody等词时。如:Istherea
yo
ewhoca
a
swerthisquestio
Hewasamo
gthefewwhoma
agedtolivethroughthee
emypriso
camp注:在非正式文体中可以说:You’retheo
ethatk
owswheretogo2当先行词是hetheythosepeopleperso
等词时。如:Hewhowa
tstocatchfishjust
otmi
dgetti
gwetThosewhoareagai
sttheproposalputupyourha
ds注:在固定结构的谚语或习语中,可用hethat…。如:
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