曼昆经济学原理（第七版）微观经济学分册名词解释中英文归纳
CHAPTER1Te
Pri
ciplesofEco
omics
Scarcitythelimited
atureofsociety’sresources稀缺性社会资源的有限性Eco
omicsthestudyofhowsocietyma
agesitsscarceresources经济学研究社会如何管理自己的稀缺资源。Efficie
cythepropertyofsocietygetti
gthemostitca
fromitsscarceresources效率社会能从其稀缺资源中得到最大利益的特性Equalitythepropertyofdistributi
geco
omicprosperityu
iformlyamo
gthemembersofsociety平等：经济成果在社会成员中平均分配的特性Opportu
itycostwhatevermustbegive
uptoobtai
someitem机会成本为了得到某种东西所必须放弃的东西。Ratio
alpeoplepeoplewhosystematicallya
dpurposefullydothebesttheyca
toachievetheirobjectives理性人系统而有目的地尽最大努力实现其目标的人Margi
alcha
geasmalli
creme
taladjustme
ttoapla
ofactio
边际变动对行动计划的微小增量调整I
ce
tivesomethi
gthati
ducesaperso
toact
f激励引起一个人做出某种行为的某种东西。Marketeco
omya
eco
omythatallocatesresourcesthroughthedece
tralizeddecisio
sofma
yfirmsa
dhouseholdsastheyi
teracti
marketsforgoodsa
dservices市场经济当许多企业和家庭在物品与服务市场上相互交易时，通过它们的分散决策配置资源的经济。Propertyrightstheabilityofa
i
dividualtoow
a
dexerciseco
troloverscarceresources产权个人拥有并控制稀缺资源的能力Marketfailureasituatio
i
whichamarketlefto
itsow
failstoallocateresourcesefficie
tly市场失灵市场本身不能有效配置资源的情况Exter
alitytheimpactofo
eperso
’sactio
so
thewellbei
gofabysta
der外部性一个人的行为对旁观者福利的影响Marketpowertheabilityofasi
gleeco
omicactororsmallgroupofactorstohaveasubsta
tiali
flue
ceo
marketprices市场势力单个经济活动者。（或某个经济活动小群体），对市场价格有显著影响的能力Productivitythequa
tityofgoodsa
dservicesproducedfromeachu
itoflabori
put生产率每单位劳动投入所生产的物品与服务数量
fI
flatio
a
i
creasei
theoveralllevelofpricesi
theeco
omy通货膨胀经济中物价总水平的上升Busi
esscyclefluctuatio
si
eco
omicactivitysuchasemployme
ta
dproductio
经济周期就业和生产等经济活动的波动
CHAPTER2Thi
ki
gLikea
Eco
omist
Circularflowdiagramavisualmodeloftheeco
omythatshowshowdollarsflowthroughmarketsamo
ghouseholdsa
dfirms循环流量图：一个说明货币如何通过市场在家庭与企业之间流动的直观经济模型。Productio
possibilitiesfro
tieragraphthatshowsthecombi
atio
sofoutputthattheeco
omyca
possiblyproducegive
theavailablefacr