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被动语态
一.概念:
英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态TheActiveVoice与被动语态(ThePassiveVoice。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。例:1Theymaketrai
si
Xi’a
Trai
saremadei
Xi’a
bythem
2XmbeatsXxeveydayXxisbeate
byXmeveryday
二.构成
bedo
epp及物动词的过去分词)
一般现在时am/is/arevpp一般过去时was/werevpp一般将来时willbe/begoi
gtobevpp过去将来时wouldbewasweregoi
gtobevpp现在进行时amisarebei
gvpp过去进行时waswerebei
gvpp现在完成时havehasbee
vpp情态动词auxvmust/ca
/could/may…bevpp
三.被动语态的使用
1当我们不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时;例:1Hiscarwasstole
last
ight
2Basketballisplayedi
mostcou
tries2动作的承受者是谈话的中心(常由by引起)例:1Alotofarticlesthatwehavelear
edwerewritte
byLuXu
四.不用被动语态的情况1某些及物动词adv表主动,特别是后加副词(如well,easily等)时。主动语态有被动含义,
这类动词常见的有sell,write,wear,wash,photographclea
cookcut例:1Thisbooksellswell
2Yourpe
writesreallywellsmoothly3Thisdressthatmymomboughtformewearswell4Shedoes
otphotographwell5Thecheesedoes
’tcuteasilyIt’stoosoft句子是主谓结构时,不用被动语态。常见的谓语动词有:happe
takeplacedisappearrisebreakoutcomeaboutcometruecomeoutru
outtur
out例:1Atrafficaccide
thappe
edjust
ow2Greatcha
gesaretaki
gplacei
myhometow
3Hedisappears4Whe
agayperso
comesouttheyletpeoplek
owthatheisagay3连系动词无被动:感官系动词:look、feel、sou
d、smell、taste“表变化的系动词”:become、grow、tur
、fall、get“表保持的系动词”:keepreamai
stay④prove形容词,名词或不定式
五.注意
1使役动词makehavelet和感官动词seewatch
oticehearfi
d后跟省略了to的动词不定式
f但在被动语态中必须还原to。例:1We
oticedastra
gere
tertheclassroomAstra
gerwas
oticedtoe
tertheclassroom
2Wehearedhimsi
gthatmor
i
gHewashearedtosi
gthatmor
i
g3Theyfou
dhimsteala
ecklacefromashopHewasfou
dtosteala
ecklacefrom注意:这些感官动词在中考中会出现其后跟doi
g的备选项,其意义为“看到,听到,发现,注意到某人正在做某事)
2含双宾语的被动语态:直接宾语(物)和间接宾语(人)主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况:
①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语,直接宾语r
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