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stseve
fu
ctio
s151I
formative
Thei
formativefu
ctio
mea
sla
guageisthei
strume
tofthoughta
dpeopleofte
useittocommu
icate
ewi
formatio
152I
terperso
alfu
ctio
Thei
terperso
alfu
ctio
mea
speopleca
usela
guagetoestablisha
dmai
tai
theirstatusi
asociety153Performative
Theperformativefu
ctio
ofla
guageisprimarilytocha
gethesocialstatusofperso
sasi
marriageceremo
iesthese
te
ci
gofcrimi
alstheblessi
gofchildre
the
ami
gofashipatalau
chi
gceremo
ya
dthecursi
gofe
emies154Emotivefu
ctio
Theemotivefu
ctio
iso
eofthemostpowerfulusesofla
guagebecauseitissocruciali
cha
gi
gtheemotio
alstatusofa
audie
cefororagai
stsomeo
eorsomethi
g155Phaticcommu
io
Thephaticcommu
io
mea
speoplealwaysusesomesmallseemi
glymea
i
glessexpressio
ssuchasGoodmor
i
gGodblessyouNicedayetctomai
tai
acomfortablerelatio
shipbetwee
peoplewithouta
yfactualco
te
t156Recreatio
alfu
ctio
Therecreatio
alfu
ctio
mea
speopleusela
guageforthesheerjoyofusi
gitsuchasababy’sbabbli
goracha
ter’scha
ti
g157Metali
gualfu
ctio
Themetali
gualfu
ctio
mea
speopleca
usela
guagetotalkaboutitselfEgIca
usetheword“book”totalkaboutabooka
dIca
alsousetheexpressio
“theword
2
fbook”totalkaboutthesig
“book”itself16Whatisli
guistics
Li
guisticsisthescie
tificstudyofla
guageItstudies
otjusto
ela
guageofa
yo
ecommu
itybutthela
guageofallhuma
bei
gs17Mai
bra
chesofli
guistics
171Pho
eticsPho
eticsisthestudyofspeechsou
dsiti
cludesthreemai
areasarticulatory
pho
eticsacousticpho
eticsa
dauditorypho
etics172Pho
ology
Pho
ologystudiestherulesgover
i
gthestructuredistributio
a
dseque
ci
gofspeechsou
dsa
dtheshapeofsyllables173Morphology
Morphologystudiesthemi
imalu
itsofmea
i
gmorphemesa
dwordformatio
processes174Sy
tax
Sy
taxreferstotherulesgover
i
gthewaywordsarecombi
edtoformse
te
cesi
ala
guageorsimplythestudyoftheformatio
ofse
te
ces175Sema
tics
Sema
ticsexami
eshowmea
i
gise
codedi
ala
guage176Pragmatics
Pragmaticsisthestudyofmea
i
gi
co
text18Macroli
guistics
Macroli
guisticsisthestudyofla
guagei
allaspectsdisti
ctfrommicroli
guisticswhichdealtsolelywiththeformalaspectofla
guagesystem
181Psycholi
guisticsPsycholi
guisticsi
vestigatesthei
terrelatio
ofla
guagea
dmi
di
processi
g
a
dproduci
guttera
cesa
di
la
guageacquisitio
forexample182Socioli
guistics
Socioli
guisticsisatermwhichcoversavarietyofdiffere
ti
terestsi
la
guagea
dsocietyi
cludi
gthela
guagea
dthesocialcharacteristicsofitsusers183A
thropologicalli
guistics
A
thropologicalli
guisticsstudiestherelatio
shipbetwee
la
guagea
dcur
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