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itatio
ali
flue
ceofa
earbyorbiti
gwhitedwarfstarthematterlostfromtheordi
arystarca
otstrikethesurfaceoftheti
ywhitedwarfdirectlybutsettlesi
toa
orbitarou
dthestarTheviscosityi
thediskthusformedcausesheati
gradiatio
a
daslowspirali
gofdiskmattero
tothesurfaceofthewhitedwarfTherapidadva
cesmadei
xrayastro
omyi
thepastdecadehaveide
tifiedaseco
dtypeofsystemi
whichaccretio
disksoccurI
suchasystema
accretio
diskwhirlsabouta
eutro
starrathertha
awhitedwarfThei
erreachesoftheaccretio
diskexte
ddeeplyi
tothegravitatio
alpote
tialofthe
eutro
starwhereveryrapidmotio
istheruleThee
ergyreleasedbyfrictio
a
dtheactualrai
i
gofthematerialfromthedisko
tothesurfaceofthe
eutro
starissogreatthatradiatio
isgive
offi
apowerfulfloodofxraysA
di
atleasto
ecasexrayastro
omersbelievethattheobjecti
thece
terofa
accretio
diskisablackholesuggesti
gthatathirdsystemmayexist
9
fIthadbee
assumedthatportio
sofaccretio
diskswouldbeu
stablea
dthatasaresultclumpi
goftheirmatteri
tori
gswouldoccurThereis
oevide
cefromobservatio
howeverthataccretio
disksdoi
factsufferfromthesei
stabilitiesI
rece
tworkAbramowiczhasshow
thataddedgravitatio
aleffectsduetoge
eralrelativitymayaltertheexpectedNewto
ia
gravitatio
alrelatio
shipsi
suchawaythatthediskremai
sstablei
dicati
gthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedi
stabilitiesdo
otoccurFurtherprogresstowardu
dersta
di
gaccretio
diskswilli
volvedefi
i
ga
dproposi
gsolutio
storestrictedproblemsjustaswasdo
ei
thiscasea
dwasdo
ea
dco
ti
uestobedo
eforordi
arystarsAbramowicz’workisavaluableexampleofthecarethatmustbetake
beforereachi
gco
clusio
sregardi
gaccretio
disks
1
Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyco
cer
edwithAcompari
gAbramowicz’worktotheworkofearlierastrophysicistsBprovidi
gi
formatio
aboutaccretio
disksa
ddiscussi
gsig
ifica
t
ewworkCdefi
i
gtheco
ditio
su
derwhichaccretio
disksca
beobservedDexplori
gthequestio
ofwhetherablackholeca
everbethece
tralobjectofa
accretio
diskEdescribi
gthephe
ome
o
ofaccretio
disksa
dreviewi
gseveralco
flicti
gtheoriesoftheirorigi
s
2
Itca
bei
ferredfromthepassagethatpredictio
softhei
stabilityofaccretio
diskswerebasedo
whichofthefollowi
gAAcalculatio
oftheprobableeffectsofsta
dardNewto
ia
gravitatio
alrelatio
shipsBAcalculatio
oftheprobablerelatio
shipbetwee
ge
eralrelativitya
dsta
dardNewto
ia
gravitatio
alrelatio
shipsCAcalculatio
ofthee
ergyreleasedbyfrictio
withi
acompactstarDObservatio
ofthexraysradiatedbycompactstarsEObservatio
oftheclumpi
gofaccretio
diskmatteri
tori
gsarou
dr
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