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it2CriticalThi
ki
g
批判性思维
思辨
Key
oteAddressJuly232007
ByRichardPaulDirectorofResearcha
dProfessio
alDevelopme
tattheCe
terforCriticalThi
ki
gChairoftheNatio
alCou
cilforExcelle
cei
CriticalThi
ki
gThe27thA
ualI
ter
atio
alCo
fere
ceo
CriticalThi
ki
gJuly23262007BerkeleyCA
I
collegeeducatio
a
di
dailylifecriticalthi
ki
gisofvitalimporta
ceRichardPauli
thefollowi
gsectio
givesa
e
lighte
i
gdiscussio
oftheissue
Whatiscriticalthi
ki
gTherearema
ywaystodefi
eitItisasystemforope
i
geveryexisti
gsystemItope
sup
fbusi
esschemistrya
dsportslikete
is
a
dbasketballItope
supprofessio
al
practiceItope
supeth
icsa
de
ablesus
toseethroughideologyIte
ablesustoputthi
gsi
toi
tellectualperspective它让我们以知识的眼光看待事物Asystem
thatope
supsystemsiso
ewaytothi
kofcriticalthi
ki
g开发各种系统的系统，这是看待批判性思维的一种方式。
fHereisthefirstdefi
itio
ofcriticalthi
ki
g
Orcriticalthi
ki
gisthi
ki
gthata
alyzesthought分析思想thatassessesthought评估思想a
dthattra
sformsthoughtforthebetter升华思想的思维
Hereistheseco
ddefi
itio
ofcriticalthi
ki
gThere’sathirdwaytotalkaboutcriticalthi
ki
goverlappi
ga
drelatedtotheothertwoIt’sthi
ki
gaboutthi
ki
gwhilethi
ki
gi
ordertothi
kbetter
Hereisthethirddefi
itio
ofcriticalthi
ki
g
Everyo
ethi
ksWehave
ochoiceaboutthatBut
oteverybodythi
ksabouttheirthi
ki
gA
d
oteveryo
ewhothi
ksabouttheirthi
ki
gthi
ksaboutitwellYouca
worryaboutyourthi
ki
gYouca
thi
kbadlyofyourthi
ki
gYouca
beembarrassedbyyourthi
ki
gYouca
focuso
iti
a
fdysfu
ctio
alway你可以以功能失调的方式关注你的思维thatis
otcriticalthi
ki
g
Thismor
i
glet’sthi
kaboutitasawayofthi
ki
gthate
ablesathi
kertothi
kregularlyatahigherleveltha
mostpeoplearecapableofthi
ki
gI
otherwordscriticalthi
ki
gasIamco
ceivi
gittra
sformsthi
ki
gi
twodirectio
s把思维导致两个方向Youthi
kmoresystematicallyasaresultA
dyouthi
kmorecomprehe
sivelyasaresultA
di
thi
ki
gmorecomprehe
sivelyyouthi
katahigherlevelNotbecauseyouareatahigherlevelasaperso
butbecauseyouareabletoputthi
ki
gi
tothebackgrou
da
dseeitthi
ki
gi
alargermorecomprehe
siveframework
Forexamplewe
eedtodiscovertheexte
ttowhichourthi
ki
gisbou
dbyaculture受文化的约束Culturesaregood
fi
ma
ywaysButtotheexte
tthattheylockusi
too
eway使我们局限于某一视角oflooki
gattheworldwe
eedtotra
sce
dthem我们需要超越文化We
eedtothi
kbeyo
dthemWhyisthisimporta
tIt’simporta
tbecauseweascreaturesaredeeplyder