U
it1Frie
dship
一、语法直接引语和间接引语
1陈述句的转换
直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时用连词thatthat在口语中常省略引导，其人称、时态、
时间状语、地点状语和指示代词作相应的变化。若引述动词用的是saytosb通常改为tellsb；
若直接引语是两个并列的陈述句，要注意在第二个宾语从句前加连词that，引导第一个宾语从
句的that可省，但引导第二个从句的that通常不省。
例句
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时一般过去Hesaid“Iwalktoschool”
Hesaidthathewalktoschool
时
“Ihopeyouca
come”hesaidtomeHetoldmethathehopedIcouldgo
现在进行时过去进行Hesaid“Iamwalki
gtoschool”
Hesaidthathewaswalki
gtoschool
时
现在完成时过去完成Hesaid“Ihavewalkedtoschool”
Hesaidthathehadwalkedtoschool
时
Je
ysaid“Ihavelostabook”
Je
ysaidshehadlostabook
一般过去时过去完成Hesaid“Iwalkedtoschool”
Hesaidthathehadwalkedtoschool
时
“IbrokeyourCDplayer”
Hetoldmehehadbroke
myCDplayer
过去完成时过去完成Hesaid“Ihadwalkedtoschool”
Hesaidthathehadwalkedtoschool
时不变
一般将来时过去将来Hesaid“Iwillwalktoschool”
Hesaidthathewouldwalktoschool
时
Mumsaid“I’llgotoseeafrie
d”
Mumsaidshewouldgotoseeafrie
d
个别动词，指示代词，时间状语，地点状语的变化
this
that
these
those

ow
the

today
thatday
yesterday
thedaybefore
thiseve
i
g
thateve
i
g
tomorrow
the
extday
lastweek
theweekbefore

extweek
the
extweek
ago
before
here
there
thisplace
thatplace
come
go
twodaysyearsago→twodaysyearsbeforethedaybeforeyesterday→twodaysbefore
1
f（2）一般疑问句的转换直接引语为一般疑问句时，变为间接引语时用if或whether引导，语序为陈述句语序；若谓语动词后没有间接宾语，加上间接宾语mehimherus等。1“Haveyoubee
there”heasked→HeaskedmeifwhetherIhadbee
there2Heasked“Areyoui
terestedi
E
glish”→HeaskedmeifIwasi
terestedi
E
glish3Hesaid“Ca
youru
Mike”→HeaskedMikewhetherifhecouldru
3特殊疑问句的转换直接引语为特殊疑问句时，变为间接引语用疑问词作为连词，构成宾语从句，语序为陈述语序，若直接引语的动词为say，改为ask。1Hesaid“Jimwhe
isthe
exttrai
”→HeaskedJimwhe
the
exttrai
was2Heaskedme“Whydidyoudoit”→HeaskedmewhyIhaddo
eit（4）祈使句，间接引语应改为“tellaskorderbeg等
ottodosth”句型。如：“Passmethewaterplease”saidhe→Heaskedhimtopassherr