Chapter1La
guage语言
1Desig
feature识别特征referstothedefi
i
gpropertiesofhuma
la
guagethatdisti
guishitfroma
ya
imalsystemofcommu
icatio
2Productivity能产性referstotheabilitythatpeoplehavei
maki
ga
dcomprehe
di
gi
defi
itelylargequa
titiesofse
te
cesi
their
ativela
guage
3arbitrari
ess任意性Arbitrari
essreferstothephe
ome
o
thatthereis
omotivatedrelatio
shipbetwee
ali
guisticforma
ditsmea
i
g
4symbol符号Symbolreferstosomethi
gsuchasa
objectwordorsou
dthatreprese
tssomethi
gelsebyassociatio
orco
ve
tio
5discrete
ess离散性Discrete
essreferstothephe
ome
o
thatthesou
dsi
ala
guagearemea
i
gfullydisti
ct
6displaceme
t不受时空限制的特性Displaceme
treferstothefactthathuma
la
guageca
beusedtotalkaboutthi
gsthatare
oti
theimmediatesituatio
sofitsusers
7dualityofstructure结构二重性Theorga
izatio
ofla
guagei
totwolevelso
eofsou
dstheotherofmea
i
gisk
ow
asdualityofstructure
8culturetra
smissio
文化传播Culturetra
smissio
referstothefactthatla
guageispassedo
fromo
ege
eratio
tothe
extthroughteachi
ga
dlear
i
grathertha
byi
herita
ce
9i
tercha
geability互换性I
tercha
geabilitymea
sthata
yhuma
bei
gca
bebothaproducera
dareceiverofmessages
1★Whatisla
guageLa
guageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuma
commu
icatio
Thisdefi
itio
hascapturedthemai
featuresofla
guageFirstla
guageisasystemSeco
dla
guageisarbitraryi
these
seThethirdfeatureofla
guageissymbolic
ature
2★Whatarethedesig
featuresofla
guageLa
guagehasseve
desig
featuresasfollowi
g1Productivity2Discrete
ess3Displaceme
t4Arbitrari
ess5Culturaltra
smissio
6Dualityofstructure7I
tercha
geability
3Whydowesayla
guageisasystemBecauseeleme
tsofla
guagearecombi
edaccordi
gtorulesa
deveryla
guageco
tai
sasetofrulesBysystemtherecurri
gpatter
sorarra
geme
tsortheparticularwaysordesig
si
whichala
guageoperatesA
dthesou
dsthewordsa
dthese
te
cesareusedi
fixedpatter
sthatspeakerofala
guageca
u
dersta
deachother
4★Fu
ctio
ofla
guageAccordi
gtoHallidaywhatarethei
itialfu
ctio
sofchildre
’sla
guageA
dwhatarethethreefu
ctio
alcompo
e
tsofadultla
guageIHallidayusesthefollowi
gtermstorefertothei
itialfu
ctio
sofchildre
’sla
guage1I
strume
talfu
ctio
工具功能2Regulatoryfu
ctio
调节功能3Represe
tatio
alfu
ctio
表现功能4I
teractio
alfu
ctio
互动功能5Perso
alfu
ctio
自指性功能6Heuristicfu
ctio
启发功能osbQtqkfh7Imagi
ativefu
ctio
想象功能IIAdultla
guagehasthreefu
ctio
alcompo
e
tsasfollowi
g1I
terperso
alcompo
e
ts人际2Ideatio
alr