salessredistributivetaxatio
system削弱再分配性质的税收制度Summaryofthepoliticaltre
di
the1980sBritishpoliticsmovetothe“right”awayfromthe“public”a
dtowardthe“private”awayfromthe“social”a
dtowardthe“i
dividual”6MargaretThatcherruled19791990Shecamei
topowerasBritai
’sfirstwoma
PrimeMi
isteri
1979whe
herCo
servativepartywo
thege
eralelectio
Sheadvocatedtheideaofsmallgover
me
ta
dfreemarketeco
omicsDuri
ghertermasthePrimeMi
istershecarriedoutpoliciestoprivatizethe
atio
alizedi
dustrya
dtocuttaxratesAsaresultma
ybusi
essesboomedbutu
employme
trtei
creaseShewaslaterreplacedbyJoh
Majori
19901979年，当保守党赢得大选时，玛格丽特撒切尔成为第一位女首相。她主张政府少干预和自由市场经济。她在位期间，实行了一些使国有工业私有化的政策和减税政策。结果，许多商业公司繁荣起来，但是失业率却上升了。后来在1990年的大选中，她被约翰梅杰取代。7Classsystemi
BritishsocietyTheclasssystemdoesexisti
BritishsocietyMostoftheBritishpopulatio
wouldclaimthemselvestobeeitherofmiddleclassorworki
gclassthoughsomepeople
3
fwouldactuallybelo
gtotheuppermiddleclassorlowermiddleclassClassdivisio
sare
otsimplyeco
omictheyareculturalaswellPeopleofdiffere
tclassesmaydifferi
theki
dof
ewspaperstheyreadi
thewaytheyspeaka
di
theki
dofeducatio
theyreceiveO
eofthedisti
ctivefeaturesabouttheBritishclasssystemisthataristocratictitlesca
stillbei
herited阶级制度在英国社会的确存在。大多数的英国人宣称他们自己是中产阶级或是工人阶级，不过有些人确切地说应该属于中上阶级或中下阶级。阶级区分不单单是经济上的，他们也是文化上的。不同阶级的人所读的报纸不同，讲话的方式也不同，所受的教育也不同。英国阶级制度一大特点是：贵族头衔仍然可以继承。8ThehereditaryaristocracyAdisti
ctivefeatureoftheBritishclasssystemChildre
fromthesearistocraticfamiliesca
i
heritaristocratictitlesaswellasfortu
eA
dthese
iortierofthearistocracyalsoi
herittherighttobelordsi
theHouseofLordsButtheydo
otdomi
atetheUKsocietybecauserealpoweri
theParliame
trestsi
theelectedHouseofCommo
sa
dthemajorityofworki
g“Lords”i
theHouseofLords上院中的积极分子are
otfromaristocraticfamilieseitherbuthavebee
made“lifepeers”Lifepeerslordsoftheirlifetimebutwhosechildre
ca
oti
heritthetitlesTheyaremadelifepeersoutofrecog
itio
forachieveme
ti
UKsocietyOxbridgereferstothetwotopu
iversitiesi
Britai
Oxforda
dCambridgeThesetwou
iversities
oto
lyoffergoodeducatio
butalsor