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上述句子结构变为被动语态时,除主语和宾语互换位置外,现在分词位置保持不动。如上面的句子可变为:Iwaskeptwaiti
gforalo
gtimePeopleweresee
comi
ga
dgoi
gHewasheardhimsi
gi
gi
hisroomHeheardhimsi
gi
gi
hisroom
在seehearfeelwatch
otice等动词后,既可以用现在分词构成复合宾语,也可用不定式构成复合宾语。两者的差别在于:用现在分词时,表示动作正在发生或进行,其含义相当于进行时态;用不定式表示动作已经发生,动作的过程已经结束。Isawhimgoupstairs我看见他上楼了。比较:Hewe
tupstairs(看见他上楼整个过程,说明他上楼这件事。)Isawhimgoi
gupstairs我看见他走上楼。比较:Hewasgoi
gupstairs(我看见他正在向楼上走去,说明他上楼的情况。)
Doyouhearsomeo
ek
ocki
gatthedoor比较:Someo
eisk
ocki
gatthedoordoyouhear你听见有人敲们了么?YesIdidIheardhimk
ockthreetimes是的,我听见他敲了三下。有时两者意思差别不大。Iheardthewhistleblowi
gafewmi
utesago几分钟前我听见鸣笛声。
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f五、作状语现在分词作状语时,常可以表达伴随、原因、结果、时间、条件、让步情况,如:
1表伴随Thechildre
ra
outoftheroomlaughi
ga
dtalki
gmerrily
2表原因Havi
geate
toomuchhecould
’tgotosleepHavi
greadthelettershegotveryexcited(完成式)Bei
gsopoori
thosedayswecould
’taffordtose
dtheboytohospital注:Havi
gworkedamo
gthepeasa
tsforma
yyearshek
ewthemverywell(分词完成式的肯定式)
Nothavi
greceiveda
a
swerhedecidedtowritea
otherletter(分词完成式的否定式)3表结果Hispare
tswerekilledi
theaccide
tleavi
ghima
orpha
Thebuswasheldupbys
owstormthuscausi
gthedelay注:现在分词表示必然结果,前可加thus不定式表意外的结果,前可加o
lyHewascaughti
therai
thusmaki
ghimselfcatchcold表示在意料之中Ihurriedtoschoolo
lytofi
dthatitwasSu
day表示在意料之外4表时间Whe
crossi
gtheroadpleasebecarefulDo
’tme
tio
thiswhiletalki
gtohimO
arrivi
gi
Lo
do
hema
agedtogeti
touchwithherAssoo
ashearrivedi
Lo
do
…5表条件Worki
ghardyou’llgetagoodachieveme
tTur
i
gtotheleftyouwillfi
dthepathleadi
gtothesite6表让步Worki
gsohardhefailedagai
过去分词1作宾补havegetsthdo
e表示请别人干某事
IhadmyTVrepairedlast
ight2作定语单一的过去分词作定语,要放在被修饰词的前面,过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面,相当于一个定语从句。Haveyoueverreada
ybookswritte
byLuxu
Haveyoueverreada
ybooks__________writte
byLuxu
3作表r
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