高中英语语法系统讲解之九定语从句定语从句在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词”。引导定语从句并作定语从句中的一个成分的词叫做“关系词”。常见的关系词有关系代词(who,whom,whose,that,which等)和关系副词(whe
,where,why等)。关系词有两个作用:1、放在先行词与定语从句中间起连接作用,引导定语从句;2、代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分,并与先行词保持数的一致。关系代词引导的定语从句1、关系代词及其作用一览表关系词先行词表人的who词主语yourmotherMrLiistheperso
withwhomIam表人的whom词Thyboywhomsheloveddiedi
thewarIlikethosebookswhosetopicsare表人或whose关系代表人或词that物的词muchThebookwhichIgaveyouwas表物的which词wasterribleHeissuchaperso
asisrespectedby表人或as物的词Thisisthesamepe
asIlostyesterday主或宾语allofus般不省略。作宾语一主或宾语Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccide
t主或宾语SheisthestarthatIwa
ttoseeverythat。物的词定语TheboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmateApla
eisamachi
ethatca
fly系代词不能省略,也不可用abouthistory可省略;但介词提前是,后面关宾语worki
g宾语时,常which在从句中作从句成分例句Doyouk
owthema
whoistalki
gwith备注whomthat
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f2、关系代词特殊用法一览表情况用法说明例句
1、先行词为all,everythi
g,1Hetoldmeeverythi
gthathea
ythi
g,
othi
g,little,k
owsmuch等不定代词时;2Allthebooksthatyouoffered
2、先行词被all,a
y,every,havebee
give
outeach,much,little,
o,some,3ThisisthebestfilmthatIhavefew等修饰时;只用that的情况3、先行词有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时4、先行词既指人又指物时;5、先行词被theo
ly,thevery修饰时;6、先行词位于以who或which引导的特殊疑问句式的主句中时;7、关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。1、在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指物;用whowhom只用指人;which2、在由“介词关系代词”引who导的定语从句中,用whichwhom指物,whom指人;的情3、先行词本身是that时,关系况词用which,先行词为those,o
e,he时用who。usuallyrespectedbyothers3Thosewhorespectothersareteacheristalki
g2Iliketheperso
towhomthe1Hehasaso
whohasgo
eabroadforfurtherstudyeversee
4Wetalkedabouttheperso
a
dthi
gsthatweremembered5Heistheo
lyma
thatIwa
ttosee6Whoisthema
thatismaki
gaspeech7Whichisthebor