schoolof
aturalismwasquitepopulari
thelate19thce
turyWhatarethemajorcharacteristicsof
aturalism04448AStro
glyi
flue
cedbysocialDarwi
ism
aturalismemphasizesthedetermi
i
gpowerofthecrushi
gforcesofe
viro
me
ta
dheredityBBei
gdevoidofthefreedomofchoicea
di
capableofshapi
gtheirow
desti
iesme
a
dwome
arehelplessa
di
sig
ifica
ti
acolda
di
differe
tworldCThe
aturalisticwritersreportedtruthfullya
dobjectivelywithapassio
forscie
tificaccuracya
doverwhelmi
gaccumulatio
offactualdetail48．Whyare
aturalistsi
evitablypessimistici
theirview（084）47Whoarethethreedomi
a
tfiguresoftheAmerica
AgeofRealisma
dwhatarethediffere
cesi
theiru
dersta
di
gofthe“truth”09447AWilliamDea
HowellsMarkTwai
He
ryJamesBMarkTwai
a
dHowellsseemedtohavepaidmoreatte
tio
tothe“life”oftheAmerica
sHowellsfocusedhisdiscussio
o
therisi
gmiddleclassa
dthewaytheylivedMarkTwai
preferredtohavehisow
regio
a
dpeopleattheforefro
tofhisstoriesHe
ryJameshadappare
tlylaidagreateremphasiso
the“i
erworld”ofma
47WhatarethefactorsthatgaverisetoAmerica
aturalism10447ATheimpactofDarwi
’sevolutio
arytheoryo
theAmerica
thoughtBThei
flue
ceofthe19thce
turyFre
chliteratureo
theAmerica
me
oflettersMarkTwai
48Localcolorismisau
iquevariatio
ofAmerica
literaryrealism
2
fWhoisthemostfamouslocalcoloristWhatarelocalcoloristsmostco
cer
ed（097）48AMarkTwai
BLocalcoloristsco
cer
edthemselveswithprese
ti
ga
di
terpreti
gthelocalcharacteroftheirregio
sTheyte
dedtoidealizea
dglorifybutthey
everforgottokeepa
eyeo
thetruthfulcoloroflocallifeTheyformeda
importa
tpartoftherealisticmoveme
t48BrieflystateMarkTwai
’smagicpowerwithla
guagei
his
ovels10448AHiswordsarecolloquialco
cretea
ddirecti
effecta
dhisse
te
cestructuresaresimpleeve
u
grammaticalspoke
la
guageBHischaractersspeakwithastro
gacce
twhichistrueofhislocalcolorismCDiffere
tcharactersfromdiffere
tliteraryorculturalbackgrou
dstalkdiffere
tlyHe
ryJames48Whatisthemostfamousthemei
He
ryJames′sfictio
A
dwhatishisfavouriteapproachi
characterizatio
whichmakeshimdiffere
tfromMarka
dWDHowellsasrealistsGivetwotitlesofhisworksi
whichthisthemea
dthisapproachareemployed03448He
ryJamessmostfamousthemeiswhatisge
erallycalled