下”。如：Alittleboatis
owu
derthebridgeThereisabridgeovertheriverThesu
si
ksbelowthehorizo
地平线Thewi
dowiswellabovethetree⑥表示地点介词的静态性和动态性Hewalkedtothestatio
（静态，表示方向和目的地）Hewalkedtowardsthestatio
动态，只表示方向Heiski
dtotowardsus（两者通用）Heisatthestatio
静态，表示地点Theyarrivedatthestatio
动态，表示地点Heswamawayfromtheship动态“离开”Hestoodawayfromtheshop静态“远离”Hefello
tothefloor动态“到地面”Thecityiso
theCha
gjia
gRiver静态“平面”Goofftheroad偏离了道路（动态“离去”）Comealo
gtheriver沿着河过来（线）acrossthefields跨过田野，overthedesert跨越沙漠acrosstheriver横跨这条河，overthehill翻过这座山bei
thehouse静态，在这里stayoutofthecar静态，在外goi
tothehouse动态，进入flyoutofthecou
try动态，离开（7）表示方式、手段、工具的介词①bytheyearhourday按年小时天。如Here
tahousebytheyeardayhour按bythe单位名称但tothepou
d按磅算，totheto
按吨计。②表泛指的方式、手段bypostmail邮寄，bytelepho
eradio但o
thepho
eo
theradioo
TV电讯器材，byelectricity用电，bymachi
ery用电器，byhardworklear
sthbyheartthroughthesatellitethroughpracticethroughhisow
effortsthroughexperie
cethroughthe
ftelescop③交通工具类bybustrai
cartaxiroadbybikebicycleo
horsebacko
footbypla
ejetspaceshipbyairbyshipboatlifeboatbyseabywater另外：bymea
sof用方法，bywayof经由，取道于，用方法，withthehelppermissio
ofsbwithsb’shelppermissio
。④表方式、手段的其他用法Hebeatthedogwithawhipwith工具机器O
esmellswithhis
osewith人体器官，但byha
d“手工，用手”Hestoodupwithpridewith情绪、情感、态度的名词注意：使用语言、材料、文字等用i
。如i
E
glishi
kpe
cil。另外如：i
highgoodlowspiritsi
a
geri
joyi
comforti
sorrowi
safetyi
da
geri
eedi
debti
lovei
fu
i
pai
i
tearsi
surprisei
goodpoorhealthi
goodorderi
floweri
awayi
alowvoicei
sile
cei
withsatisfactio
i
ahurryi
withwordslivefeedo
foodk
eelo
o
e’sk
eetakecatchsbbysurprise出其不意（8）表示“除之外”的几组常用介绍比较。①besides除以外，（还有）。作副词时意思是“而且，更何况”。Wellallwe
ttotheci
emabesidesShaw除了肖外，我们都去了电影院。Itwastoolatetoseeafilma
dbesidesIwastired②except除去，除之外（不再有）。Weallwe
texceptJoh
我们都去了，约翰没有。r