语法复习专题(5)
U
it5介词和连词
一、考点聚焦
1、介词的分类与语法功能(1)介词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语,在句中充当一个成分。介词分为:简单介词,如at、i
、for等;合成介词,如withi
、i
side、o
to、througout等;短语介词,如accordi
gto、outof、becauseof、bymea
sof、i
spiteof、i
steadof等。双重介词,如frombehi
daboveu
der、u
tilafter等。分词介词,如co
sideri
g、i
cludi
g、judgi
gfromby等。常见的介词宾语:名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等。如:①Itisgoi
gtorai
thisafter
oo
accordi
gtotheweatherforecast②Hequarrelledwithheryesterday③Hesucceededi
passi
gthefi
alexam④I’mstillthi
ki
gofhowIca
fulfilthetaskaheadoftime⑤Theprofessorwillgiveusatalko
howtostudyE
glishwell(2)介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。如:①Thismachi
eisi
goodco
ditio
表语②Whereisthekeytomybike定语③Nothi
gi
theworldcouldlivewithoutairorwater状语④Shealwaysthi
ksherselfaboveothers(宾补)2、介词搭配(1)“动词介词”搭配:注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。①robsbofsthcleartheroadofs
ow“夺去、除去”意义的动词与of连用②supplyuswithfoodfilltheglasswithwi
e(“供给”意义的动词与with连用)③makeadeskofwoodmakebreadfromflourmakethematerial
fi
toacoat(“制作、制造”意义与of、from、i
to连用)④介词the部位与动词的关系(动词sb’s部位,可换用)strikehimo
thehead“击,拍,碰,摸”意义与o
连用catchhimbythearm“抓,拉,拿,扯”意义与by连用hittheboyi
theface(“肚,胸,眼,脸”等人体前部与i
连用)⑤preve
tstopkeepsbfromdoi
gsth“阻止,禁止”意义与from连用⑥persuadeadvisewar
sbi
todoi
gsth(“说服,建议”意义与i
to连用)⑦buysbforsthleave、get、wi
、gai
、lose等“得失”意义与for连用⑧tellsthtosbshow、teach、si
g、write、read等“告知”意义与to连用⑨givesthtosb(give、allow、promise、pass、ha
d等“授予”意义与to连用)注意:⑦⑧⑨可换成buysbsth双宾结构。⑩saytosbsuggest、explai
、apologize、murmur、whisper与“对象”连用必须用to不可说suggestsbsth。同一动词与不同介词搭配意义不同。for(寻找)tosthof听说o
拜访lookto眺望agreewithsbhearcallfor需要at(看)o
sthfrom收到信i
请同一介词与不同动词搭配,意义各异。r