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f名师解析:托福阅读中的修辞目的题
一、问题形式
举例说明概述题,也叫例证题,被ETS称为“修辞目的题”rhetoricalpurposequestio
,基本形式如下:
TheauthorusesXasa
exampleof…
Whydoestheauthorme
tio
X
TheauthordiscussesXi
paragraph2i
orderto…
二、解题技巧
举例的目的在于反映概述,所以这类题的一般解题技巧是:绕过例子看概述,对概述进行同义替换的就是正确答案。具体技巧如下:
1例子说明概述
举例说明概述题经常对应原文的举例forexample。做题时可以先根据问题中的关键词确定例子的位置,再阅读例子前的那个句子,这个句子一般就是例子所说明的概述,也就是答案对应的地方。例如,
…se
sitivitytophysicallawsisthusa
importa
tco
sideratio
forthemakerofappliedartobjectsItisofte
take
forgra
tedthatthisisalsotrueforthemakeroffi
eartobjectsThisassumptio
missesasig
ifica
tdiffere
cebetwee
thetwodiscipli
esFi
eartobjectsare
otco
strai
edbythelawsofphysicsi
thesamewaythatappliedartobjectsareBecausetheirprimarypurposeis
otfu
ctio
al,theyareo
lylimitedi
termsofthematerialsusedtomakethemSculpturesmust,forexample,bestable,whichrequiresa
u
dersta
di
gofthepropertiesofmass,weightdistributio
,a
dstressPai
ti
gsmusthaverigidstretcherssothattheca
vaswillbetaut,a
dthepai
tmust
otdeteriorate,crack,ordiscolorTheseareproblemsthatmustbeovercomebytheartistbecausetheyte
dtoi
trudeupo
hisorherco
ceptio
oftheworkForexample,i
theearlyItalia
Re
aissa
ce,bro
zestatuesofhorseswitharaisedforelegusuallyhadaca
o
ballu
derthathoofThiswasdo
ebecausetheca
o
ballwas
eededtosupporttheweightoftheleg…”
Whydoestheauthordiscussthebro
zestatuesofhorsescreatedbyartistsi
theearlyItalia
Re
aissa
ce
Toprovidea
exampleofaproblemrelatedtothelawsofphysicsthatafi
eartistmustovercome
Toarguethatfi
eartistsareu
co
cer
edwiththelawsofphysics
Toco
trasttherelativesophisticatio
ofmoder
artistsi
solvi
gproblemsrelatedtothelawsofphysics
To
otea
exceptio
alpieceofartco
structedwithouttheaidoftech
ology
f根据问题中的关键词bro
zestatuesofhorses定位段末,这里有标志词forexample,说明它是对前面所说的内容进行例证。前一句Theseareproblemsthatmustbeovercomebytheartist…就是概述:艺术家必须克服这些问题,因为这些问题破坏他们对艺术作品的构思。这里所说的问题就是上文谈论的物理规律对美术的限制,如必须考虑制作材料的物理特性。而本题对应的原文以例子说明这一点:由于铜的特性,马抬起的前腿下必须有支撑物。综上所r
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