e
d2、不定式的句法功能：1）作主语：Tofi
ishtheworki
te
mi
utesisveryhardToloseyourheartmea
sfailure动词不定式短语作主语时，常用形式主语it作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式：Itisveryhardtofi
ishtheworki
te
mi
utesItmea
sfailuretoloseyourheart2）作表语：Herjobistoclea
thehallHeappearstohavecaughtacold3）作宾语：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：wa
thopewishofferfailpla
lear
prete
drefusema
agehelpagreepromiseprefer如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：Marxfou
ditimporta
ttostudythesituatio
i
Russia动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：Ihave
ochoicebuttostayhereHedid
othi
glastSu
daybutrepairhisbike动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：Hegaveussomeadviceo
howtolear
E
glish4）作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语wa
twishasktellorderbegpermithelpadvisepersuadeallowpreparecauseforcecallo
waitfori
vite此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：Withalotofworktodohedid
’tgototheci
ema
第2页共15页
f有些动词如makeletseewatchhearfeelhave等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to如：IsawhimcrosstheroadHewassee
tocrosstheroad5）作定语：动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：A）动宾关系：Ihaveameeti
gtoatte
d注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：Hefou
dagoodhousetolivei
Thechildhas
othi
gtoworryaboutWhatdidyouope
itwith如果不定式修饰timeplaceway，可以省略介词：Hehas
oplacetoliveThisisthebestwaytoworkoutthisproblem如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：Haveyougota
ythi
gtose
tHaveyougota
ythi
gtobese
tB）说明所修饰名词的内容：Wehavemadeapla
tofi
ishtheworkC）被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：Heisthefirsttogethere6）作状语：A）表目的：Heworkeddaya
d
ighttogetthemo
eyShesoldherhairtobuythewatchchai
注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：wro
g：Tosavemo
eyeverymea
shasbee
triedrightTosavemo
eyhehastriedeverymea
swro
g：Tolear
E
glishwelladictio
aryis
eededrightTolear
E
glishwellhe
eedsadictio
aryB）表结果：Hearrivedlatetofi
dthetrai
go
e常用o
ly放在不定式前表示强调：Ivisitedhimor