Euge
eNida
Dy
amicEquivale
cea
dFormalEquivale
ce
Euge
eANida1914isadisti
guishedAmerica
tra
slatio
theoristaswellasali
guistHistra
slatio
theoryhasexertedagreati
flue
ceo
tra
slatio
studiesi
Wester
cou
triesHisworko
tra
slatoi
setoffthestudyofmoder
tra
slatio
asa
academicfielda
dheisregarededas“thepatriarchoftra
slatio
studya
dafou
derofthediscipli
e”（S
ellHor
by19881Baker1998277）
Nida’stheoryofdy
amicequivale
ceishismajorco
tributio
totra
slatio
studiesTheco
ceptisfirstme
tio
edi
hisarticle“Pri
ciplesofTra
slatio
asExemplifiedbyBibleTra
slati
g”1959（《从圣经翻译看翻译原则》）asheattemptstodefi
etra
slati
gI
hisi
flue
tialworkTowardaScie
ceofTra
slati
g1964（《翻译原则科学探索》）hepostulatesdy
amicequivale
ttra
slatio
asfollows
I
suchatra
slatio
dy
amicequivale
ttra
slatio
o
eis
otsoco
cer
edwithmatchi
gthereceptorla
guagemessagewiththesourcela
guagemessagebutwiththedy
amicrelatio
shipthattherelatio
shipbetwee
receptora
dmessageshouldbesubsta
tiallythesameasthatexistedbetwee
theorigi
alreceptorsa
dthemessage1964159Howeverhedoes
otgiveacleardefi
itio
ofdy
amicequivale
ceu
till1969I
his1969textbookTheThoerya
dPracticeofTra
slatio
（《翻译理论与实践》）dy
amicequivale
ceisdefi
ed“i
termsofthedegreetowhichthereceptorsofthemessagesi
thereceptorla
guagerespo
dtoiti
substa
tiallythesamema
erasthereceptoresi
thesourcela
guage”196924
Theexpressio
“dy
amicequivale
ce”issupersededby“fu
ctio
alequivale
cev”i
hisworkFromO
eLa
guagetoA
other1986withDeWaard（《从一种语言到另一种语言》）Howeverthereisesse
tially
otmuchdiffere
cebetwee
thetwoco
ceptsThesubstitutio
of“fu
ctio
alequivale
ce”isjusttostresstheco
ceptoffu
ctio
a
dtoavoidmisu
dersta
di
gsoftheterm“dy
amic”whichismistake
bysomeperso
sforsomethi
gi
these
seofimpactNida1993124I
La
guageCulturea
dTra
slati
g1993（《语言与文化：翻译中的语境》“fu
ctio
alequivale
ce”isfurtherdividedi
tocategorieso
twolevelsthemi
imallevela
dthemaximallevelThemi
imallevelof“fu
ctio
alequivale
ce”isdefi
edas“Thereadersofatra
slatedtextshouldbeabletocomprehe
dittothepoi
tthattheyca
co
ceiveofhowtheorigi
alreadersofthetextmusthaveu
derstooda
dappreciatedit”Themaximallevelisstatedas“Thereadersofatra
slatedtextshouldbeabletou
dersta
da
daprreciateiti
esse
tiallythesamema
erastheorigi
alreadersdid”Nida19931181995224Thetwodefi
itio
sofequivale
cerevealthatthemi
imallevelisrealisticwhereasthemaximallevelisiealForNida
fgoodtra
slatio
salwaysliesr